{"id":10030,"date":"2023-11-24T08:52:34","date_gmt":"2023-11-24T06:52:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=10030"},"modified":"2023-11-24T08:52:39","modified_gmt":"2023-11-24T06:52:39","slug":"saramago-ve-korluk-mustafa-keleszade","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=10030","title":{"rendered":"Saramago ve K\u00f6rl\u00fck – Mustafa Kele\u015fzade"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Okuyucunun ilgisini yaz\u0131landa tutmak i\u00e7in noktalama i\u015faretlerinin envai \u00e7e\u015fidinin, c\u00fcmlenin k\u0131sas\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fi ve yer isimlerinin s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 makbuld\u00fcr. Peki bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri kullan\u0131lmadan f\u0131kra, k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131 da de\u011fil roman, ak\u0131c\u0131 bir roman yaz\u0131labilir mi? Jose Saramago edebiyat\u0131 ile tan\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015fsan\u0131z cevab\u0131n\u0131z \u201chay\u0131r\u201d olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130tiraf etmeliyim ki K\u00f6rl\u00fck roman\u0131n\u0131 okurken ne \u00fclkenin, b\u00f6lgenin ve hatta karakterlerin ad\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7medi\u011fini, ne nokta ve virg\u00fcl d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda noktalaman\u0131n kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ne de paragraf uzunlu\u011fundaki c\u00fcmlelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark edemedim. Daha do\u011frusu Saramago fark ettirmedi. \u0130sve\u00e7 Kraliyet Bilimleri Akademisi\u2019nin 1998\u2019de Saramago\u2019nun Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyururken K\u00f6rl\u00fck\u2019e de de\u011finmesi bu nedenle de rastlant\u0131 de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6rl\u00fck\u2019e de\u011finmeden yazar\u0131 Saramago\u2019ya da k\u0131saca bir de\u011finelim; 1922 senesinde Portekiz\u2019de do\u011fan Saramago 2010 senesinde \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u201cneden silah fabrikalar\u0131nda hi\u00e7 grev olmaz\u201d sorusundan yola \u00e7\u0131karak yazmakta oldu\u011fu ve \u0130spanya \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde bir silah fabrikas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n hikayesine yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 roman\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Tamamlanamam\u0131\u015f bu roman Saramago\u2019nun yaz\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 notlar ve Saramago \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131larla birlikte \u201cM\u0131zraklar, M\u0131zraklar, T\u00fcfekler T\u00fcfekler\u201d ismiyle T\u00fcrk\u00e7e de yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnya\u2019da emperyalist sava\u015flar\u0131n giderek yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 2010 senesinde Saramago\u2019nun silah \u00fcretimi temal\u0131 bir roman yazmakta olmas\u0131 rastlant\u0131 de\u011fildi.  Saramago, Portekiz Kom\u00fcnist Partisi \u00fcyesi bir marxistti ve AB, \u0130MF gibi kurumlar\u0131 ele\u015ftirmekten de geri durmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hikayesini kronolojiye sad\u0131k kalarak fakat \u0130ncil\u2019deki karakterlere farkl\u0131 insani \u00f6zellikler atayarak yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201c\u0130sa\u2019ya G\u00f6re \u0130ncil\u201d roman\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan pek \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fma yaratm\u0131\u015f, Katolik Kilisesi Sarmago\u2019ya cephe alm\u0131\u015f ve Portekiz h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin kendisine tav\u0131r almas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan e\u015finin \u00fclkesi \u0130spanya\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur. Kendi ifadesiyle, inananlara sayg\u0131s\u0131 olan fakat kurumsal dinlere olmayan yazar, siyasete kar\u0131\u015fan, bask\u0131c\u0131 dinlere y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirilerini \u201cKabil\u201d ve \u201c\u0130sa\u2019ya G\u00f6re \u0130ncil\u201d romanlar\u0131nda okuyucusuna ula\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saramago roman\u0131nda etkili olan \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zellik ise insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya tarihsel bir anda var olan bir y\u00f6n\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirerek mevcut sistemsel yap\u0131y\u0131 t\u00fcm \u00e7arp\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermesidir. \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcm Bir Varm\u0131\u015f Bir Yokmu\u015f\u201d roman\u0131nda yazar, hikayeye isimsiz bir \u00fclkede \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn bir anda g\u00f6revini yapmay\u0131 b\u0131rakmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flar ve bunun \u00fczerinden geli\u015fen yeni toplumsal durumu okuyucusu ile bulu\u015fturur. Beraberinde ise yazar\u0131n insan durumunu iyile\u015ftirme arac\u0131 olarak savundu\u011fu bir \u201ca\u015fk\u201d hikayesi bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r kitap. Kitapta insanlar\u0131n ya\u015flanmaya devam etti\u011fi, kazalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ama insanlar\u0131n \u00f6lemedi\u011fi \u00fclkede \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn dahi ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcrer, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sosyal mekanizma \u00e7\u00f6kmeye y\u00fcz tutar…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fte Saramago\u2019nun 1998 senesinde yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00f6rl\u00fck de bu tarz\u0131 yans\u0131tan eserlerinden. Yine isimsiz bir \u00fclkede bir adam trafikte ilerlerken \u0131\u015f\u0131k k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131dan ye\u015file ge\u00e7erken k\u00f6r oluyor. Her taraf birden kararm\u0131yor, bembeyaz oluyor. Ard\u0131ndan ise bu k\u00f6rl\u00fck t\u00fcm \u00fclkede bir salg\u0131n olarak yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Durumun otorite taraf\u0131ndan idrak\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ise salg\u0131n\u0131 bask\u0131lamak i\u00e7in devletin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemler ba\u015fl\u0131yor; kitleler \u00fczerine ate\u015f eden askerler, karantina merkezleri ve dahas\u0131\u2026 Salg\u0131n ilk k\u00f6r olan adam\u0131n gitti\u011fi doktorun kar\u0131s\u0131 hari\u00e7 herkese yay\u0131l\u0131yor, beraberinde ise bildi\u011fimiz anlamda medeniyeti g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Ar\u0131ndansa geldi\u011fi gibi bir anda ortadan kalk\u0131yor. K\u00f6rl\u00fck\u2019te sistem ve toplumsal durum ele\u015ftirisi, \u015fiddet, vah\u015fet ve i\u011fren\u00e7lik tasvirleri ile \u00f6ylesi \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u015fekilde aktar\u0131l\u0131yor ki, hayal g\u00fcc\u00fc y\u00fcksek okurlar\u0131nda mide bulant\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve hatta bu durumun kusmaya kadar varmas\u0131 muhtemel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6rl\u00fck roman\u0131nda ya\u015fananlar\u0131n hangi tarihte ge\u00e7ti\u011fine dair bir bilgi yoktur. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde tek bir karakter ismi de yoktur. Karakterler Saramago\u2019nun ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6zellikleriyle okuyucuya aktar\u0131l\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle K\u00f6rl\u00fck\u2019te ya\u015fanan olaylar herhangi bir yerde herhangi bir zamanda ya\u015fanabilecek veya daha do\u011frusu ya\u015fanmakta olan olaylard\u0131r. Saramago, K\u00f6rl\u00fck\u2019le bize bir zaman yolculu\u011fu yapt\u0131rmaz, uzak bir gelece\u011fi veya uzak bir \u00fclkeyi de anlatmaz; bencille\u015ftirilen, kay\u0131ts\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan insan\u0131, her an y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermeye haz\u0131r bask\u0131c\u0131 mekanizmalar\u0131 ile kapitalist devleti k\u00f6rl\u00fck metaforu ile tuttu\u011fu ayna ile okurlar\u0131na sunar. Saramago 2002 senesinde \u0130kinci \u0130ntifada s\u0131ras\u0131nda sekiz ki\u015filik bir yazar ekibi ile gitti\u011fi \u0130srail ablukas\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki Filistin\u2019in bat\u0131 Ramallah b\u00f6lgesinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda \u0130srail Devleti\u2019nin Filistinlilere yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Auschwitz\u2019e benzetmi\u015f ve Yahudi toplumundan ciddi bir tepki \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. 6 ay sonra yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada ise Ramallah ve Auchwitz\u2019in elbette ayn\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunu savunman\u0131n aptalca olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fakat Auschwitz\u2019in ruhunun Ramallah\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr oldu\u011funu vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Saramago hem edebiyat\u0131 ile hem de kom\u00fcnist bir ayd\u0131n olarak prati\u011fi ile bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak toplumlara ayna tutmu\u015ftur. Bilim kurgu \u00f6gelerini de, fantastik kurgular\u0131 da, dogmalar\u0131 sarsan, tabular\u0131 y\u0131kan benzetmelerini ve s\u00f6zlerini de bu ayna vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ba\u015fka bir d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yaratma \u00e7abas\u0131na adam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Okuyucunun ilgisini yaz\u0131landa tutmak i\u00e7in noktalama i\u015faretlerinin envai \u00e7e\u015fidinin, c\u00fcmlenin k\u0131sas\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fi ve yer isimlerinin s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 makbuld\u00fcr. Peki bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri kullan\u0131lmadan f\u0131kra, k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":10031,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,64,44,38,9,42,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG-20230913-WA0005.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-2BM","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10030"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10030"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10030\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10032,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10030\/revisions\/10032"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10031"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10030"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10030"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10030"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}