O uzun ve yorucu s\u00fcrecin ard\u0131ndan nihayet do\u011fum sanc\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u015f g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde, ebenin do\u011fumu ba\u015flatmas\u0131 ve ilk \u201cingaa\u201d sesinin \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 da yetmezdi do\u011furan kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ilesini sonland\u0131rmaya \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc inan\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re \u201clo\u011fusalar\u0131n mezar\u0131 k\u0131rk g\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131k olur\u201ddu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Eski bir T\u00fcrk inan\u0131\u015f\u0131 olan \u201cAlbast\u0131 Gar\u0131s\u0131\u201d (T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise baz\u0131 y\u00f6relerde Al kar\u0131s\u0131, Al k\u0131z\u0131, albis gibi isimleri de vard\u0131r) lo\u011fusa kad\u0131nlara musallat olan k\u00f6t\u00fc bir di\u015fi varl\u0131k olarak tasvir edilir. \u00d6yle ki musallat oldu\u011fu ki\u015fiyi delirtir, yeni do\u011fan\u0131n can\u0131na kasteder, onlar\u0131 korkutur veya \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f. Hatta lo\u011fusa kad\u0131n\u0131n ve bebe\u011finin ci\u011ferini almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinirmi\u015f. Ta Sibirya\u2019dan yola \u00e7\u0131karak Orta Asya\u2019daki t\u00fcm T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131na kadar yay\u0131lan ve \u00fclkemizde de benimsenen Albast\u0131 Gar\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n esas\u0131nda lo\u011fusal\u0131k hummas\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen hastal\u0131k olmas\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azalan yeni do\u011fum yapm\u0131\u015f kad\u0131nda y\u00fcksek ate\u015fle birlikte t\u00fcm v\u00fccudu sararak hastalanmaya yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 onu bu korkun\u00e7 tasvire d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llarda antibiyotik gibi ila\u00e7lar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 da \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltmekte idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O y\u00fczden lo\u011fusa kad\u0131n ve bebe\u011fi k\u0131rklanana kadar evde yaln\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131lmaz, uyurken mutlaka yanlar\u0131nda birisi olurmu\u015f. Albast\u0131 Gar\u0131s\u0131 denilen ve kimi tasvirlere g\u00f6re dev anas\u0131na benzeyen bu k\u00f6t\u00fc yarat\u0131\u011f\u0131n anneyi bast\u0131rmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli rit\u00fceller geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f. \u00d6rne\u011fin bebe\u011fin \u00fczerine k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ya da hem k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 hem sar\u0131 t\u00fcl \u00f6rtmek, (k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 t\u00fcl\u00fcn Albast\u0131 Gar\u0131s\u0131\u2019ndan, sar\u0131 t\u00fcl\u00fcn sar\u0131l\u0131ktan korunaca\u011f\u0131 inanc\u0131 hakimmi\u015f) a\u011fz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k makas ya da boncuk koymak gibi y\u00f6ntemlerle bebe\u011fin korunmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131yormu\u015f. Yata\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131na ya da ba\u015fucuna konan s\u00fcp\u00fcrge veya bir demir par\u00e7as\u0131, iki kap\u0131 aras\u0131na yatmama, yast\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na koyulan garacocco (\u00e7\u00f6rek otu) ya da k\u00f6m\u00fcrden medet umuluyormu\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lo\u011fusa kad\u0131n\u0131n odas\u0131na hapsoldu\u011fu ilk \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnden sonra hem Albast\u0131 Gar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rtmak hem de kad\u0131n\u0131n evinde g\u00fcvenle gezebilmesi i\u00e7in bir rit\u00fcel ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmekteydi. Hem K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrkler hem de K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Elenlerce uygulanan bu y\u00f6ntem, evin duvarlar\u0131na \u00e7ivit ya da k\u00f6m\u00fcr s\u00fcrme inan\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. O d\u00f6nem, tebe\u015fir gibi sat\u0131lan ve eritilince mavinin en derin renklerinden birine d\u00f6nen \u00e7ivitin koruyucu oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Duvara \u00e7ivit s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi lo\u011fusa kad\u0131n\u0131n yataktan kald\u0131r\u0131lma rit\u00fcellerinden biridir asl\u0131nda. Nenem de bu rit\u00fceli yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ebenin evin k\u00f6\u015felerini makasla i\u015faretledikten sonra onun da \u00fczerinden k\u00f6m\u00fcrle ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ge\u00e7ti\u011fini anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Her b\u00f6lgede farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterse de bu y\u00f6ntem t\u00fcm K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta uygulanmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130nan\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re tek say\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fcnlerden birinde (3,5 veya 7) lo\u011fusa kad\u0131n\u0131n yataktan kalkmas\u0131 gerekirdi ve \u00e7ivitle i\u015faretlenen alanlarda al basmas\u0131 gibi bir tehlike olmazd\u0131 art\u0131k. Rit\u00fcel farkl\u0131 farkl\u0131 i\u015flenmektedir. Kimi yerlerde lo\u011fusa kad\u0131n\u0131n eline bir dilim ekmek ve bir so\u011fan verilir, k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n da oldu\u011fu t\u00f6ren ba\u015flard\u0131. Ebe kad\u0131n bir makasla ya da k\u00f6m\u00fcrle evin \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerini i\u015faretler, arkas\u0131ndan bebe\u011fiyle birlikte gelen lo\u011fusa kad\u0131n da bir par\u00e7a k\u00f6m\u00fcrle ya da \u00e7ivitle i\u015faretli yerin \u00fczerinden giderdi. Bu i\u015faret \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u00e7arp\u0131 \u015feklinde olsa da \u00fc\u00e7 nokta, elif i\u015fareti ya da K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Elense ha\u00e7 \u015feklinde oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir. D\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131lan so\u011fan\u0131n sar\u0131l\u0131ktan kurtulmak i\u00e7in, kap\u0131 i\u00e7ine konan ekme\u011finse \u00e7ocu\u011fun k\u0131smetli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in konuldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131rm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bug\u00fcnlerde bu gibi adetler ya\u015fanmasa da bebe\u011fin k\u0131rk\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kana dek ziyaret etmeme, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 t\u00fclle bebe\u011fin \u00fczerini \u00f6rtme, \u00e7ivit olmasa da nazar boncu\u011fuyla bebe\u011fi koruma adetleri hala kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kad\u0131nlara k\u0131rk g\u00fcn gibi \u00f6m\u00fcr bi\u00e7en bu \u201cu\u011fursuz d\u00f6nem\u201dde yap\u0131lan bu t\u00f6renvari hareketler \u201cAlbast\u0131 Gar\u0131s\u0131\u201dn\u0131 korkutur mu bilinmez; fakat yeni do\u011fum yapm\u0131\u015f olan kad\u0131n\u0131n v\u00fccudunu toparlamas\u0131, hareket etmesi, bebe\u011fini tan\u0131mas\u0131 k\u0131sacas\u0131 yeni hayat\u0131na uyum sa\u011flamas\u0131 gibi anlamlar ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r asl\u0131nda. Bug\u00fcn kad\u0131nlar\u0131n lo\u011fusal\u0131k problemleri \u00e7ok daha farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok kad\u0131n hormonal de\u011fi\u015fimler nedeniyle depresyon belirtileri g\u00f6stermekte, yeni bir ya\u015fama adapte olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken ya\u015fam kayg\u0131s\u0131, ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar, i\u015ften at\u0131l\u0131r m\u0131y\u0131m korkusu gibi sorunlarla bo\u011fu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do\u011fumla ba\u015flayan kader, \u00f6l\u00fcmle son bulana de\u011fin, ya\u015fam\u0131n tad\u0131na varmal\u0131 her canl\u0131\u2026\u00c7ivite boyanan evin k\u00f6\u015felerinde g\u00fcvenle can bulmaya ba\u015flayan ya\u015fam\u0131n ilk tomurcuklar\u0131, kayan bir y\u0131ld\u0131z misali y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 s\u00f6nene dek do\u011fumla \u00f6l\u00fcm aras\u0131nda kendine bir yer bulmaya devam etmeli ya\u015fam denilen bu araf yerde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kaynak:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Motif Akademi Halkbilimi Dergisi \/ 2013-2 (Temmuz-Aral\u0131k) (K\u0131br\u0131s \u00d6zel Say\u0131s\u0131-II), s. 118-127 Do\u011fumla \u0130lgili Baz\u0131 \u00c2detler Ba\u011flam\u0131nda K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrklerinin Etnik K\u00f6keni \u00dczerine D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler \/ G.Y. Abdurrazak Peler<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00f6zden Yaz\u0131ya, Ku\u015faktan Ku\u015fa\u011fa, Dervi\u015f \u00d6zer.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk Halk Biliminde \u00d6l\u00fcm, Tuncer Ba\u011f\u0131\u015fkan.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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