{"id":10736,"date":"2024-10-30T13:27:30","date_gmt":"2024-10-30T11:27:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=10736"},"modified":"2024-10-30T13:27:35","modified_gmt":"2024-10-30T11:27:35","slug":"kulturun-kokeni-emektir-nazen-sansal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=10736","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn K\u00f6keni Emektir – Nazen \u015eansal"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAds\u0131z Sans\u0131z Bir Jude roman\u0131nda, Jude Fawley, Oxford \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin bak\u0131m ve onar\u0131m i\u015fleriyle me\u015fgul bir zanaatkar ve esnaf toplulu\u011funa ev sahipli\u011fi yapan Beersheba b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015famaya ba\u015flar. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, \u00fcniversitenin var etti\u011fi entelekt\u00fcel \u00fcstyap\u0131n\u0131n maddi temelinin kendisi ve di\u011fer zanaatkar arkada\u015flar\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve \u00fcniversitenin onlars\u0131z var olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark eder. Jude\u2019un deyimiyle, onlar\u0131n eme\u011fi olmadan s\u0131k\u0131 okurlar okuyamaz, y\u00fcksek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler ya\u015fayamazd\u0131. K\u0131sacas\u0131, Jude k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn k\u00f6keninin emek oldu\u011funu anlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u201d (Terry Eagleton \u2013 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Nereden \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcr\u201d, g\u00fcnl\u00fck dilde \u00e7e\u015fitli anlamlarda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck oldu\u011fu gibi literat\u00fcrde de y\u00fczden fazla tan\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kavramd\u0131r. \u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc korumal\u0131, gelecek nesillere ta\u015f\u0131mal\u0131y\u0131z\u201d dedi\u011fimizde, asl\u0131nda zorla asimile edilen de\u011ferlerimizi ya da belki el sanatlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kastediyoruzdur ancak k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta evlendirilmesinin hatta Araplara sat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n daha bir ku\u015fak \u00f6nce k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz oldu\u011funu unutuyoruzdur. \u00c7\u00f6p\u00fcn\u00fc soka\u011fa, parka, plaja atana \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcrs\u00fcz\u201d dedi\u011fimizde, o ki\u015finin, belki de hayran\u0131 oldu\u011fumuz kadim bir k\u00fclt\u00fcre sahip bir halk\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, asl\u0131nda kentlilik bilincine ve topluma kar\u015f\u0131 sorumluluk duygusuna sahip olmayan, e\u011fitimsiz bir ki\u015fi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek istiyoruzdur. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel alanda m\u00fccadele ederek adam\u0131zda bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ama\u00e7lamam\u0131z, bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n, liderlerin imzalar\u0131 veya emperyalistlerin planlar\u0131 ile de\u011fil halklar\u0131n ortak de\u011ferlerde yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ile olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildi\u011fimizdendir. Kapitalizmin rekabet\u00e7i ve paraya dayanan meta k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6tesinde, dayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 ve insana, eme\u011fe, do\u011faya k\u0131ymet veren bir toplumu i\u015faret etmek i\u00e7in \u201cba\u015fka bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr m\u00fcmk\u00fcn\u201d diyoruz…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anlam \u00e7er\u00e7evesi olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f bir kavram olan \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcr\u201d\u00fc, kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde tan\u0131mlayabiliriz. Bununla birlikte kelimenin etimolojik k\u00f6keni, hem Eagleton\u2019dan al\u0131nt\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u201cemek\u201d vurgusunu, hem g\u00fcndelik sohbetlerdeki ifade bi\u00e7imimizi hem de kavram\u0131n ideolojik misyonunu kapsay\u0131c\u0131 niteliktedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr kelimesi, Latince \u201ccolere\u201d fiilinden gelmektedir. Colere, i\u015flemek, yeti\u015ftirmek, in\u015fa etmek, \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermek gibi anlamlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu fiillerden t\u00fcretilen \u201ccultura\u201d terimi, ilk kez insanl\u0131k tarihinde tar\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme ve sabit bir yerle\u015fime sahip olma faaliyetlerini nitelemekte kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (\u0130ngilizce \u201cagriculture\u201d kelimesi bu k\u00f6ken ile do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.) Yani \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcr\u201dde do\u011fa ve insan aras\u0131nda bir ayr\u0131m s\u00f6z konusudur. \u0130nsan eme\u011fiyle yarat\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcnler ile do\u011fan\u0131n kendi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri aras\u0131ndaki bu ayr\u0131m, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131labilir. D\u00f6nemin bilgini Cicero, k\u00fclt\u00fcre felsefi bir anlam katarak, ruhun yeti\u015ftirilmesini ya da olgunla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kastetmi\u015ftir. Marx\u2019a g\u00f6re ise k\u00fclt\u00fcr, do\u011fan\u0131n yaratt\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her \u015feydir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki, insanl\u0131k bu yarat\u0131m\u0131 hangi maddi ko\u015fullarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektedir? Nas\u0131l \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri i\u00e7erisindedir, \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kimlere aittir, \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7ler kimler taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l kullanmaktad\u0131r, yarat\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcnler yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n m\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r? \u00c7a\u011flar boyu de\u011fi\u015fen parametrelere g\u00f6re bu sorular\u0131n cevaplar\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015fmekte dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn tarihselli\u011fi ve de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Zira \u00fcretim bi\u00e7iminin, ili\u015fkilerinin ve g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ekonomik yap\u0131 (altyap\u0131) ile \u00fcstyap\u0131 (siyaset, hukuk, felsefe, sanat ve konumuz ba\u011flam\u0131nda k\u00fclt\u00fcr) aras\u0131nda diyalektik bir etkile\u015fim s\u00f6z konusudur. Son tahlilde ise ger\u00e7ek hayattaki \u00fcretim ve yeniden \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri, tarihi yapan ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc belirleyen bir unsurdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kadar teori kast\u0131ktan sonra gelelim t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n \u015fu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ada yar\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131m\u0131zdaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na… 50 y\u0131ld\u0131r bilin\u00e7li bir \u015fekilde \u00fcretimden kopar\u0131l\u0131p asalakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan ayn\u0131 zamanda da k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc yeterince T\u00fcrk bulunmay\u0131p T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmeye (\u015fimdilerde ise M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya) u\u011fra\u015f\u0131lan bir halk\u0131n evlatlar\u0131y\u0131z. Yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fimizdeki ganimet k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, k\u00f6\u015fe d\u00f6nmecilik, maddi ve manevi de\u011fer \u00fcreten halka ait kurumlar\u0131n y\u0131prat\u0131l\u0131p bat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na; kapitalist ili\u015fkilerin rekabet k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, neoliberal d\u00f6nemin bencilli\u011fi, metalar d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketim \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da eklenmi\u015f durumda. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kimselerin tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkemize d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan s\u00fcrekli ve de\u011fi\u015fken bir n\u00fcfus ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu n\u00fcfusun -b\u0131rak\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel entegrasyon s\u00fcrecini- ya k\u00f6le gibi s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya da \u00e7e\u015fit t\u00fcrl\u00fc kirli i\u015flerine zemin buldu\u011fu a\u015fikar. \u00d6te yandan ise bar\u0131\u015fa birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fcyece\u011fimiz kom\u015fular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n egemenleri taraf\u0131ndan yok say\u0131l\u0131yor, kimliksiz b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor, adeta adada istenmiyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu cenderenin i\u00e7inde, \u00fcreterek var olmaya, eme\u011fi ile ge\u00e7inmeye, onuru ile ya\u015famaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir avu\u00e7 insan\u0131z. Hangi k\u00f6kene ait oldu\u011funa, kimli\u011fine bakmaks\u0131z\u0131n, kendimiz gibilerle birlikte kurabiliriz bu adan\u0131n yeni bi\u00e7imlenen k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc. Lefkara i\u015fi misali, i\u011fneyle kuyu kazmak gibi… Toplum m\u00fchendisli\u011fi ile dayat\u0131lan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bask\u0131ya direnirken ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelen, bizi biz yapan de\u011ferlerimize de sar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131z elbet. Ama ayn\u0131 zamanda gelece\u011fin in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in bilimle, sanatla, k\u00fclt\u00fcrle ve hepsinin ortak keseni s\u0131n\u0131f ideolojisiyle m\u00fccadele edece\u011fiz. Son tahlilde k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc belirleyenin altyap\u0131 (\u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri) oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsak, sermayenin mutlak egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda \u015farab\u0131n\u0131 vermek i\u00e7in \u00fcz\u00fcm gibi ezilen halklar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn de eninde sonunda kof bir posadan ibaret kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilece\u011fiz. Bu y\u00fczden k\u00fclt\u00fcr denen soyutlamadan, somut \u00f6neriler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p sermaye ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ilerinin kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131na dikilece\u011fiz. Ben ba\u015flay\u0131m siz devam edin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hem eme\u011fin haklar\u0131n\u0131 hem de demografik yap\u0131y\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc koruyabimek i\u00e7in mevcut \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izinleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni verilmemelidir. Kimlikle giri\u015f durdurulmal\u0131, m\u00fctekabiliyet esas\u0131na g\u00f6re vize uygulamas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmeli, \u00fclkemize giri\u015f yap\u0131l\u0131rken ne kadar s\u00fcre nerede kal\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 titizlikle kontrol edilmelidir. \u00d6\u011frenci ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda gelenler, \u00fcniversitelerin sorumlulu\u011funda olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f bir yurtta\u015fl\u0131k yasas\u0131 yap\u0131larak h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin keyfi vatanda\u015fl\u0131k da\u011f\u0131tma hakk\u0131 ellerinden al\u0131nmal\u0131, belli bir s\u00fcre sab\u0131kas\u0131z ya\u015fama ko\u015fulu, dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr s\u0131navlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren adil bir d\u00fczenleme hayata ge\u00e7irilmelidir. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferleri ara\u015ft\u0131ran, koruyan, geli\u015ftiren ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri birbirine yakla\u015ft\u0131ran politikalar \u00fcretilmeli, kamunun kaynaklar\u0131yla bu alandaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar desteklenmelidir…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cAds\u0131z Sans\u0131z Bir Jude roman\u0131nda, Jude Fawley, Oxford \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin bak\u0131m ve onar\u0131m i\u015fleriyle me\u015fgul bir zanaatkar ve esnaf toplulu\u011funa ev sahipli\u011fi yapan Beersheba b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015famaya<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":10737,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[67,38,42,1],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/nazendosya.jpeg.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-2Na","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10736"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10736"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10736\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10738,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10736\/revisions\/10738"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10736"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10736"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}