{"id":11819,"date":"2026-02-04T07:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-04T05:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=11819"},"modified":"2026-01-30T11:45:52","modified_gmt":"2026-01-30T09:45:52","slug":"orta-sinif-var-midir-munur-rahvancioglu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=11819","title":{"rendered":"Orta S\u0131n\u0131f Var M\u0131d\u0131r? – M\u00fcn\u00fcr Rahvanc\u0131o\u011flu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z her kavram belirli bir maddi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi ifade etmek \u00fczere \u015fekillenir. Bu nedenle kavramlar\u0131 kullan\u0131rken ne anlama geldiklerine dair d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6zellikle de i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan muhalif insanlar\u0131n, toplumda yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan kavramlara kar\u015f\u0131 sorgulay\u0131c\u0131 olmalar\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yayg\u0131n kavramlar genellikle, var olan maddi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi olumlamak \u00fczere egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar taraf\u0131ndan te\u015fvik edilerek yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131rlar. Bir kavram s\u0131k kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa, en iyi ihtimalle var olan d\u00fczene zarar vermiyor, en k\u00f6t\u00fc ihtimalle var olan d\u00fczeni me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131k kullan\u0131lan kavramlardan tamamen ka\u00e7\u0131nmak ve bunlar\u0131n yerine bamba\u015fka ifadeleri yerle\u015ftirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. B\u00f6yle bir \u015feyi yapmam\u0131z durumunda, biz muhalifler, geni\u015f y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmayan bir dilde konu\u015fan yabanc\u0131lar durumuna d\u00fc\u015feriz. Di\u011fer yandan bu b\u00f6yledir diye egemenlerin te\u015fvik etti\u011fi bir dili benimsemek de bizi var olan d\u00fczene asimile edecektir. Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken; dilimize soku\u015fturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan kavramlar\u0131n yerine anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ba\u015fka ifadeleri koyup koyamayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sorgulamak ve yayg\u0131n kavramlar\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z durumlarda ise ne demek istedi\u011fimizi net bir \u015fekilde ifade etmeyi ihmal etmemektir. \u201cOrta S\u0131n\u0131f\u201d kavram\u0131, i\u015fte bu t\u00fcr pop\u00fcler kavramlardan birisidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizler Homo Sapiens olarak yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz bin y\u0131ld\u0131r d\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinde varl\u0131k g\u00f6steriyoruz. S\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n tarihi ise sadece son on bin y\u0131la takvimlenmi\u015ftir. S\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n ilk bi\u00e7imlerinde, \u00f6rne\u011fin k\u00f6leler ve k\u00f6le sahipleri aras\u0131ndaki farklar \u00f6ylesine a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ki, bu ikisinin iki ayr\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f oldu\u011funu izaha ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmuyordu. Benzer bir \u015fekilde feodal lord ile topra\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 serfin iki ayr\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fa mensup olduklar\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k bir olgu olarak kabul ediliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Farkl\u0131 tarihsel d\u00f6nemlerde, farkl\u0131 toplumlarda farkl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar vard\u0131. Bu s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n kendi toplumlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde, birbirlerine g\u00f6re tan\u0131mlar\u0131 yap\u0131labiliyordu. Ama k\u00f6lelere de soylulara da \u201cs\u0131n\u0131f\u201d diyebilmemize olanak sa\u011flayan ortak noktan\u0131n ne oldu\u011fu, yani s\u0131n\u0131f kavram\u0131n\u0131n evrensel bir tan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in iki y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar beklemek gerekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Feodal Avrupa\u2019da toplum kabaca \u00fc\u00e7 temel s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131l\u0131yordu: Birinci z\u00fcmre, askeri meselelerle de ilgilenen toprak sahibi soylulardan, ikinci z\u00fcmre din adamlar\u0131ndan ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc z\u00fcmre k\u00f6yl\u00fcler, serfler ve zanaatk\u00e2rlardan yani \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan halktan olu\u015fuyordu. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc z\u00fcmre i\u00e7erisinden geli\u015fen sermayedarlar; zamanla g\u00fc\u00e7lenerek \u00e7e\u015fitli haklar talep etmeye ve kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm halk\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 olarak tarif etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu s\u0131rada da kendilerini y\u00f6netenler ile yoksullar aras\u0131nda bulunan \u201corta s\u0131n\u0131f\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn feodalizm ve soyluluk tamamen ortadan kalkt\u0131ktan ve din adamlar\u0131 y\u00f6netim kademlerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra bile ABD\u2019de sermayedarlar kendilerini orta s\u0131n\u0131f olarak tan\u0131mlamaya devam etmektedirler. Bu kavram\u0131n ba\u015fka bir kullan\u0131m \u015fekli ise; toplumu gelir d\u00fczeyine veya stat\u00fcye g\u00f6re kategorize edilmesi \u015feklindedir. Gelir d\u00fczeyi kriterinde toplum zenginler, yoksullar ve orta s\u0131n\u0131f olarak \u00fc\u00e7 par\u00e7ada tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Stat\u00fc bazl\u0131 tan\u0131mlamada ise y\u00f6netenler, y\u00f6netilenler ve orta s\u0131n\u0131flardan s\u00f6z edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gelir d\u00fczeyi ve stat\u00fcye g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan kategorizasyonlar \u201ck\u00f6le olan ki\u015fi k\u00f6ledir\u201d \u015feklindeki tan\u0131mda oldu\u011fu gibi \u201c\u00e7ok paras\u0131 olan ki\u015fi zengindir\u201d veya \u201cy\u00f6neten ki\u015filer y\u00f6neticidir\u201d \u015feklinde dar bir a\u00e7\u0131klama i\u00e7ermektedirler. Ama k\u00f6lelere de zenginlere de \u201cs\u0131n\u0131f\u201d dememize neden olan ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelli\u011fi veya \u201ck\u00f6lenin neden k\u00f6le\u201d, \u201czenginin neden zengin\u201d, \u201cy\u00f6neticinin neden y\u00f6netici\u201d oldu\u011funu izah edememektedirler. Bunu izah edebilmek i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131flara Marksizmin bilimsel y\u00f6ntemi ile yakla\u015farak bir tan\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marksizm toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri i\u00e7erisinde bulunduklar\u0131 konuma yani \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 sahipli\u011fine g\u00f6re tan\u0131mlar. Bu y\u00f6ntem, hem herhangi bir toplumdaki s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayabilmemize hem de farkl\u0131 tarihsel d\u00f6nemlerdeki farkl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 anlayabilmemize yaramaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kapitalist toplumda burjuvazi, \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131na sahip olan ve emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sat\u0131n alan s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n, Proletarya da emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc satmak d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ge\u00e7inmek i\u00e7in elinde hi\u00e7bir ara\u00e7 bulunmayan s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ad\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazi ise kendi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131na sahip olan ancak ya hi\u00e7 ya da az say\u0131da i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc sat\u0131n alabilen s\u0131n\u0131ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burjuvazi, proletarya ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazi kendi i\u00e7lerinde bir\u00e7ok alt k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131rlar. Bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ile olan ili\u015fkisi, onu olu\u015fturan bireylerin k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, e\u011fitimini, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, gelirlerini ve stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc de b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda etkileyece\u011finden, Marksist y\u00f6ntem gelir ve stat\u00fcye dayal\u0131 di\u011fer a\u00e7\u0131klama bi\u00e7imlerini de kendi b\u00fcnyesine dahil eden bir kapsama sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi \u201ck\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazi\u201d ve \u201corta s\u0131n\u0131f\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 birbirlerinin yerine kullanma e\u011filimindedir. Ancak bu \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirme do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Gelir d\u00fczeyine veya stat\u00fcye g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan tan\u0131mlarda \u201corta s\u0131n\u0131f\u201d kabul edilen bir\u00e7ok insan, emek g\u00fc\u00e7lerini satarak ge\u00e7indikleri i\u00e7in Marksist tan\u0131mla \u201ck\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva\u201d say\u0131lamazlar. Bu nedenle de \u201corta s\u0131n\u0131f\u201d ve \u201ck\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazi\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 birbirlerinin yerine kullanmamak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yayg\u0131n kavramlardan tamamen ka\u00e7\u0131nman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve bu t\u00fcr kavramlar\u0131 kullan\u0131rken ne demek istedi\u011fimizi net bir \u015fekilde izah etmeye \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermek gerekti\u011finden bahsetmi\u015ftik. \u201cOrta S\u0131n\u0131f\u201d i\u015fte b\u00f6yle bir kavramd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biz bu say\u0131da \u201corta s\u0131n\u0131f\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131; proletaryan\u0131n gelir, e\u011fitim ve stat\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en avantajl\u0131 kesimi, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazinin e\u011fitimli kesimi ve burjuvazinin toplumsal sorunlara duyarl\u0131 olma potansiyeli olan en alt tabakas\u0131n\u0131n bir toplam\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131yoruz. Kapitalist toplumda b\u00f6yle bir s\u0131n\u0131f yoktur. Ancak bu kesi\u015fim alan\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeki katman; i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ko\u015fullardan dolay\u0131 eme\u011fin kurtulu\u015fu m\u00fccadelesinde kritik bir role sahiptir. Bu rol\u00fcn olumlu mu yoksa olumsuz mu olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ise s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin seyri tayin edecektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z her kavram belirli bir maddi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi ifade etmek \u00fczere \u015fekillenir. Bu nedenle kavramlar\u0131 kullan\u0131rken ne anlama geldiklerine dair d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6zellikle de i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":11820,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,38,42,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-1.png","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-34D","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11819"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11819"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11819\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11821,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11819\/revisions\/11821"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11819"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}