{"id":11822,"date":"2026-02-06T07:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-06T05:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=11822"},"modified":"2026-01-30T11:51:09","modified_gmt":"2026-01-30T09:51:09","slug":"kirilgan-bir-katmanin-riskli-orgutlenmesi-ali-sahin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=11822","title":{"rendered":"K\u0131r\u0131lgan Bir Katman\u0131n Riskli \u00d6rg\u00fctlenmesi – Ali \u015eahin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde orta s\u0131n\u0131f meselesi genellikle belirli bir gelir d\u00fczeyine sahip olma \u00fczerinden ele al\u0131nsa da asl\u0131nda bahse konu katmanlar hem tarihsel ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fken hem de bu tarihselli\u011fe g\u00f6re hep tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir konu olmu\u015ftur. 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki orta s\u0131n\u0131f tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcnkiler aras\u0131nda bariz farklar vard\u0131r. Genel kan\u0131n\u0131n aksine toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 belirleyen \u015fey gelir d\u00fczeyi de\u011fildir. Siyasal m\u00fccadeledeki konumlan\u0131\u015flar gelir d\u00fczeylerinden etkilense de bahse konu politik konumlan\u0131\u015f nesnel bir s\u0131n\u0131f belirleme \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak ele al\u0131namaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131fsal m\u00fccadelede bir s\u0131n\u0131fa y\u00fcklenebilecek misyon o s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n salt g\u00fcncel durumu \u00fczerinden de\u011fil, potansiyel olarak ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihtimaller \u00fczerinden de\u011ferlendirilir. Marksizmin i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 devrimci bir s\u0131n\u0131f olarak tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 bundan kaynaklan\u0131r ve bu tespit kapitalist sistemin proletarya \u00fczerinde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi m\u00fcddet\u00e7e s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n bilin\u00e7 ve politik durumuna g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmez. Toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131nda belirleyici olan \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki m\u00fclkiyet ili\u015fkileri, yani ki\u015finin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in eme\u011fini satmak zorunda kal\u0131p kalmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kaba tan\u0131m elbette ki kapitalist sistemin derinli\u011fine indik\u00e7e ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde derinle\u015ftirilmek zorundad\u0131r. Ama yine de toplumun s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda temel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn ki\u015filerin gelirleri de\u011fil \u00fcretimdeki yeri oldu\u011funu asla unutmamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat yaz\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda da vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi orta s\u0131n\u0131f olarak ele al\u0131nan katmanlar, ister ortalaman\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde ya da y\u00fcksek maa\u015fl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler isterse de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 var veya yok fark etmeksizin kendi i\u015fyerine sahip k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvalar olsun genellikle gelir seviyesi \u00fczerinden ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Ancak bu kesimler toplumsal \u00fcretimdeki konumlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan incelendi\u011finde \u00e7o\u011funlukla ya i\u015f\u00e7i ya da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvad\u0131rlar. \u00d6te yandan gelir d\u00fczeylerindeki g\u00f6rece y\u00fckseklik ve bunun k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkileri orta s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 ekonomik anlamda y\u00fckselme veya d\u00fc\u015fme noktas\u0131nda \u00e7ok hassas ve k\u0131r\u0131lgan k\u0131lar. Kapitalizmin ideolojik bir ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 olarak say\u0131labilecek bu durum t\u00fcketim al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fsal bir belirleyici haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f; yenilen, i\u00e7ilen, gezilen veya s\u00fcr\u00fclen araba \u00fczerinden bir s\u0131n\u0131fsall\u0131k tarifi yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ki ay i\u015fsiz kalsa asgari bir ya\u015fam\u0131 bile tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015fecek kesimler pazar\u0131n geni\u015flemesiyle eri\u015filebilen meta say\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden adeta s\u0131n\u0131fsal bir ill\u00fczyona maruz kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat fikirsel d\u00fczeyde olu\u015fan bu trajik durum s\u0131n\u0131fsal m\u00fccadelede ideolojik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel m\u00fccadelenin \u00f6nemini de g\u00f6sterir asl\u0131nda. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ekonomik ve politik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerin ilk a\u015famalar\u0131nda veya ilk kitleselle\u015fme dalgalar\u0131nda bahse konu kesimler \u00f6nemli bir yer tutar. Bunun sebebi, orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n bilhassa i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n alt katmanlar\u0131na k\u0131yasla bilgiye eri\u015febilme, bunun \u00fczerinden bir araya gelip \u00f6rg\u00fctlenebilme kapasitesiyle do\u011frudan ilgilidir. Bu sebeple de siyasal y\u00f6nelimi fark etmeksizin, sisteme y\u00f6nelik \u00f6fkesi bulunan kitleleri bir araya getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan t\u00fcm \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme giri\u015fimlerinde ekonomik bir tabaka olarak orta s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6te yandan orta s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n \u201cstat\u00fc\u201d yitirme konusunda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 onun asl\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131fsal anlamda i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na dahil ya da o geni\u015f \u00e7eperin hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlar niteliktedir. S\u0131n\u0131fsal anlamda ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131k karakteri onun bilin\u00e7 d\u00fczeyine, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu tarihsel ko\u015fullara ve de sosyalist hareketin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme kapasitesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak onu i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesine de ta\u015f\u0131yabilir ya da fa\u015fist hareketin reaksiyoner bir kitlesine de d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilir. Tarih, sosyalist ve fa\u015fist hareketlerin \u00f6zellikle de ekonomik yoksulla\u015fman\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde benzer s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 kazanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi\u011fi bu tarz \u00f6rneklerle doludur. \u0130\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz s\u00fcre\u00e7 de bu y\u00f6nde ilerlemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neoliberal politikalar en geli\u015fkininden en zay\u0131f\u0131na kadar her yerde sosyal devleti a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rarak yok ediyor ve bilhassa belirli bir seviyenin \u00fczerinde ve d\u00fczenli geliri olan orta s\u0131n\u0131f katmanlar\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere kitleleri h\u0131zla politikle\u015ftiriyor. Ac\u0131 olan, solun k\u00fcresel anlamda bir gerileme ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemden kaynakl\u0131 olarak bahse konu s\u00fcrecin yeni sa\u011f hareketlerin yelkenlerini \u015fi\u015firmesidir. Halbuki ya\u015fanan yoksulla\u015fma, esas itibariyle kapitalizmin sistemli bir bi\u00e7imde bulan\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fsal ayr\u0131m \u00e7izgilerini daha da g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lan bir proleterle\u015fme s\u00fcrecidir. Farkl\u0131 bir sistem krizine gebe olan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7 emek\u00e7i nesilleri etkilemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPiyasan\u0131n ac\u0131mas\u0131z ko\u015fullar\u0131na, de\u011fersizle\u015fen nitelikleri ile giren ve s\u0131radan i\u015f\u00e7iler haline gelen gen\u00e7 emek\u00e7iler, yeti\u015ftikleri orta s\u0131n\u0131f k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne uygun bir ortam ar\u0131yor fakat bulam\u0131yorlar. Bir anlam\u0131yla, her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha da dahil olduklar\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 reddetmelerine ra\u011fmen bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc engelleyemiyorlar. Piyasala\u015fan ve \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilen e\u011fitim sistemi i\u00e7erisinde zar zor bir meslek sahibi olan gen\u00e7 mezunlar, mezun oldu\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcm ile ilgili i\u015f bulmakta ya zorlan\u0131yor ya da bulsa dahi beklentileri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmuyor.\u201d(1)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak kitleleri sistem kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir zemine yakla\u015ft\u0131ran bu durum ayn\u0131 kitleleri otomatik olarak sola y\u00f6nlendirmez. Yoksulla\u015fma ve i\u015fsizlikle birlikte g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketleri gibi farkl\u0131 dinamiklerin de belirli bir etkiye sahip oldu\u011fu bu d\u00f6nemlerde politik s\u00fcre\u00e7 her zamankinden \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 akar ve de\u011fi\u015fir. Bilhassa milliyet\u00e7i ve fa\u015fist hareketlere zemin sa\u011flayan yabanc\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile etnik ve dinsel gerilimler de b\u00f6yle d\u00f6nemlerde y\u00fckselir ve bu y\u00fckseli\u015fte \u201cstat\u00fc\u201d kayb\u0131na u\u011frayan ya da u\u011frama korkusu ya\u015fayan orta s\u0131n\u0131flar ba\u015frol\u00fc oynar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn ABD\u2019den \u0130talya\u2019ya, Fransa\u2019dan Almanya\u2019ya, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den Arjantin\u2019e kadar \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00fclkede bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi olmakla birlikte h\u0131zla y\u00fckselen yeni sa\u011fc\u0131 dalgay\u0131 b\u00f6yle de\u011ferlendirmek yanl\u0131\u015f olmaz. E\u011fer sosyalist hareket yeterince g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc de\u011filse ya da gerekli politik m\u00fcdahaleleri yapamaz durumdaysa, fa\u015fizm en alt kesimler de dahil olmak \u00fczere i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 \u201ck\u0131r\u0131lgan orta s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u201d arkas\u0131na takarak karanl\u0131\u011fa s\u00fcrekler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orta s\u0131n\u0131f kabul edilen katmanlar, yaz\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011finde de\u011findi\u011fimiz ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeye m\u00fcsait fakat siyasal y\u00f6nelimi \u00e7ok kaygan bir zeminde olan bir kesimdir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan yoksullarla emek temelli bir zeminde bulu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ilerici olabilece\u011fi kadar gerici bir zihniyetin de ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6znesi olabilirler. Devrimci hareketler \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00e7abalar\u0131nda bu riskli kitleyle olan ili\u015fkisini \u00f6zenle \u015fekillendirmelidir. Bu da ancak \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc kitle profilinin i\u00e7inde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n en dezavantajl\u0131 kesimlerinin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumakla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli kesimleri aras\u0131nda var olan farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00fcncel politik ihtiya\u00e7lara g\u00f6re belirlenmedi\u011fi takdirde, sol partilerin siyasal program\u0131 nas\u0131l \u015fekillenmi\u015f olursa olsun \u00f6rg\u00fct pratik i\u00e7inde hedeflenenden farkl\u0131 bir karaktere b\u00fcr\u00fcnecektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc siyasal m\u00fccadele teori ile prati\u011fin beraber oldu\u011fu bir praksis haline g\u00f6re \u015fekillenir ve bu praksis salt fedak\u00e2r bir iradeyle s\u00fcreklilik kazanamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1)Yeni \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, Ali \u015eahin, Argasdi Nisan-May\u0131s-Haziran 2015 Say\u0131: 38<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde orta s\u0131n\u0131f meselesi genellikle belirli bir gelir d\u00fczeyine sahip olma \u00fczerinden ele al\u0131nsa da asl\u0131nda bahse konu katmanlar hem tarihsel ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fken hem<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":11823,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,38,42,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-2.png","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-34G","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11822"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11822"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11822\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11824,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11822\/revisions\/11824"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11823"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11822"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11822"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11822"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}