\n
K\u0131br\u0131s’\u0131n B\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinin Ger\u00e7ek Tarihi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \n \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n M\u00fcn\u00fcr Rahvanc\u0131o\u011flu<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \n K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Devrimci Hareketi, Kalkedon Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u015eubat 2009 Yazar\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \n Baraka Aktivisti<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \n Bununla birlikte K\u0131br\u0131s adas\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer yeni-s\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u00fclkelerden temel fark\u0131 emperyalizm a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hayati \u00f6neme sahip, stratejik<\/em><\/strong> bir yeni-s\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u00fclkesi olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sebeple emperyalizmin K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019taki temel politikas\u0131 s\u00fcrekli hakimiyet<\/strong> politikas\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131br\u0131s adas\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik de\u011fere sahip bak\u0131r, pirit gibi yeralt\u0131 ve narenciye, patates, tah\u0131l gibi yer\u00fcst\u00fc kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n tarih i\u00e7erisinde ciddi ekonomik de\u011fer olu\u015fturan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ektir. Ancak emperyalizm a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan K\u0131br\u0131s adas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirilmesinin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 nedeni her zaman stratejik \u00f6nemi olmu\u015ftur. S\u00fcrekli hakimiyet politikas\u0131; her tarihsel d\u00f6nemde, d\u00f6nemin en geli\u015fkin ve hegemon emperyalist \u00fclkesinin K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc elinde tutmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda, her ne sebeple olursa olsun K\u0131br\u0131s \u00fczerindeki hegemonyadan vazge\u00e7memek i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yola ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n \n Tarih boyunca Fenikeliler, Romal\u0131lar, Araplar, Cenevizliler, Bizans, Venedik ve L\u00fczinyan egemenli\u011fine girmi\u015f ada; kapitalizm \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemleri, bu d\u0131\u015f dinamiklerle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011funun aday\u0131 i\u015fgal etmesi ile adada hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r miktarda bir T\u00fcrk-Alevi n\u00fcfus birikimi olmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kendine has y\u00f6netim tarz\u0131 ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak; Venedik d\u00f6neminden itibaren yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flayan feodal \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri bu d\u00f6nemde de devam etmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk kapitalist ili\u015fkiler Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flamakla birlikte, esas olarak \u0130ngiliz egemenli\u011finde serpilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n \n Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta Kilise y\u00f6netimi ile \u00e7\u0131kar birli\u011fine dayal\u0131 bir ili\u015fki geli\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Kilise geli\u015fi g\u00fczel bir \u015fekilde vergi toplayabiliyor, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc iktidar erkini K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 fakir k\u00f6yl\u00fcler \u00fczerinde uygulayabiliyordu. Kiliseye ba\u015f kald\u0131rarak, keyfi bir \u015fekilde uygulanan vergileri \u00f6demeyenler Osmanl\u0131 askeri ile tehdit ediliyordu. Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi kiliseye her t\u00fcrl\u00fc silahl\u0131 deste\u011fi verdi ve Kilise de Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi ile uyumlu bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kilise t\u00fcm bu s\u00fcre boyunca, ada \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok geni\u015f topraklara sahip bir yap\u0131 haline geldi. Bu niteli\u011fi ile ruhani bir otorite olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde aristokratik-feodal, zamanla da burjuva bir karakter kazand\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n \n Bu d\u00f6nemde adan\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve Hristiyan ahalisi aras\u0131nda ciddi bir \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yoktur. Ezilen, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen, vergilerden beli b\u00fck\u00fclen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve Hristiyanlar ortak ayaklanmalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirler. Bu ayaklanmalarda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk kadar, Hristiyan halk da aktif bir rol oynar ve egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 olu\u015fturan Osmanl\u0131 b\u00fcrokrasisi ve Kilise papazlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131nda bulurlar. \u00c7il Osman<\/strong>, Dizdar Halil<\/strong> ve Gavur \u0130mam<\/strong> isyanlar\u0131 bunlar\u0131n en bilinenleridir. Bu isyanlar daha \u00e7ok k\u00f6yl\u00fc nitelikli isyanlard\u0131r ve vergi, adaletsiz y\u00f6netim gibi olumsuzluklara kar\u015f\u0131 halk\u0131n ayaklanmas\u0131 \u015feklindedir. 15 papaz\u0131n idam\u0131 ve 400 kadar Hristiyan\u0131n tutuklanmas\u0131 ile bast\u0131r\u0131lan 1821 Katliam\u0131<\/strong> ise bunlardan niteliksel olarak bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00d6ncelikle bu isyan giri\u015fimine M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk\u0131n hi\u00e7, Hristiyan halk\u0131n ise \u00e7ok az kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. \u0130syan daha \u00e7ok Yunanistan\u2019daki ulus\u00e7uluk ak\u0131m\u0131ndan etkilenen ve ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zla\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan; b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahipleri, burjuva unsurlar ve kilisenin milliyet\u00e7i bir giri\u015fimidir. Kapitalist ve ulus\u00e7u ak\u0131mlar\u0131n etkisi ile Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netiminden yolunu ay\u0131rmaya ba\u015flayan Kilise, buna ra\u011fmen Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan son g\u00fcne kadar desteklenmeye devam eder.<\/span><\/p>\n \n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n Ancak tam da ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde egemen kesimlerin ili\u015fkilerinde bir de\u011fi\u015fim ya\u015fan\u0131r. Y\u00fczy\u0131llarca Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimince korunup kollanm\u0131\u015f toprak a\u011fas\u0131\/burjuva kilise y\u00f6netimi<\/em><\/strong> \u0130ngiliz S\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u0130daresi ile \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ya\u015famaya ba\u015flar. Osmanl\u0131 art\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcrokrasi<\/em><\/strong> ise yeni ko\u015fullara uyum sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n \n Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan arta kalan b\u00fcrokrasi<\/span><\/em><\/strong>, yeni ko\u015fullarda \u0130ngiliz S\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u0130daresi\u2019nin bir organ\u0131 haline gelir. M\u00fcft\u00fc atamalar\u0131n\u0131 daha \u00f6nce Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi yaparken, bundan b\u00f6yle Hristiyan \u0130ngiliz \u0130daresi K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta m\u00fcft\u00fc tayin etmeye ba\u015flar. 1882 Anayasas\u0131 ile \u00fc\u00e7 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, dokuz Hristiyan ve alt\u0131 atanm\u0131\u015f \u0130ngiliz \u00fcyeden olu\u015fan bir Yasama Meclisi kurulur. \u0130ngiliz Y\u00fcksek Komiseri\u2019nin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplanan meclis, \u0130ngiliz-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman i\u015fbirli\u011finin doruk noktas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. \u0130ngiltere 5 Kas\u0131m 1914 tarihinde Birinci Payla\u015f\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a el koydu\u011funu ilan etti\u011finde, K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman b\u00fcrokrasisi S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeler Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na bir mesaj g\u00f6ndererek: \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn sadakatimizle K\u0131br\u0131s M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngiliz \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ferek, g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmalar\u0131n\u0131 rica ediyoruz. Bu ricam\u0131z\u0131n reddedilmeyece\u011fine inan\u0131yoruz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ada M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 \u0130ngiliz \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa sad\u0131k olduklar\u0131n\u0131, 1878\u2019den beri kan\u0131tlad\u0131lar(1)\u201d<\/span><\/em> der. 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda Vali Palmer\u2019in \u201cYar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre boyunca anayasay\u0131 uygulayabilmemiz, T\u00fcrklerin bize olan sadakati ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur(2)\u201d<\/span><\/em> <\/strong>demesi, i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i M\u00fcsl\u00fcman liderlik ile \u0130ngiliz S\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u0130daresi\u2019nin uyumunun bir g\u00f6stergesidir. 1920\u2019li y\u0131llarda K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finden etkilenerek Kemalist bir muhalefet geli\u015ftirseler de bu \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcrmez. T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7isi bir karakter ta\u015f\u0131yan ve i\u00e7 dinamiklerden beslenmek yerine, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den etkilenerek olu\u015fturulan geleneksel liderlik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bu giri\u015fim, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin emperyalist ili\u015fkiler a\u011f\u0131na dahil olmas\u0131 ile gerici bir nitelik kazanarak geleneksel liderli\u011fe eklenir. 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda anti-\u0130ngiliz, laik ve K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131l\u0131k bilincine yak\u0131n bu Kemalist ak\u0131m, \u0130ngiliz S\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u0130daresi taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u015fikayet edilir. Art\u0131k emperyalist \u00fclkelerle ciddi bir \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015f, hatta 1940\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarla birlikte emperyalizmin Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki en \u00f6nemli i\u015fbirlik\u00e7isi haline gelen T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Dr. Tevfik R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Aras, \u201c… her Kemalist \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin dostudur. Bu T\u00fcrk H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin yerle\u015fmi\u015f politikas\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn de ki\u015fisel dile\u011fidir. E\u011fer K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda baz\u0131 kimseler K\u0131br\u0131s H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda ku\u015fku ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k ortam\u0131 yaratmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa, bunlar\u0131n Kemalist cumhuriyetin d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 olduklar\u0131 bilinmesi gerekir(3)\u201d<\/span><\/em> diyerek k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli bu muhalif \u00e7izgiye noktay\u0131 koyar. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde daha \u00e7ok k\u00f6yl\u00fc bir topluluk niteli\u011fi arz eden M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk toplum, muhalif liderli\u011fe bas\u0131n\u00e7 yaratarak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir politik \u00e7izgi tutturmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak ekonomik uyan\u0131\u015ftan uzakt\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 dinamiklere dayal\u0131 olarak geli\u015fmeyen, tamamen d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan belirlenen, etkilenen bu ayd\u0131nlar hareketi de k\u00f6ks\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn de sonucu olarak geleneksel liderli\u011fe eklemlenir. K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Yukar\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 i\u00e7in bundan sonra k\u00f6ks\u00fcz varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmek yolunda \u0130ngiliz \u0130\u015fgal \u0130daresi en temel m\u00fcttefiktir. \u00d6nce b\u00fcrokrat\/memur olarak ba\u015flayan varl\u0131k ser\u00fcveni ilerleyen y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrk \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131 yaratarak burjuval\u0131\u011fa terfi eden yukar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar ve k\u00f6ks\u00fcz ayd\u0131n elit, \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 hep d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyada aram\u0131\u015f, d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 destek ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi i\u015fbirli\u011fi ile varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmi\u015ftir. Bu politik \u00e7izgi K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcc\u00fcne g\u00fcvenememesini, kendi iradesi ile kendi gelece\u011fini \u015fekillendirmeyi denememesini ve s\u00fcrekli ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan medet ummas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik eden kimliksiz\/onursuz bir politikaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu politika T\u00fcrkiye\u2019siz bir hi\u00e7 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen milliyet\u00e7i kesiminden, bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in emperyalistlerden medet uman \u201cilerici\u201d kesimine kadar, kendi halk\u0131na, emek\u00e7i kesimlerine s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f, kendi kendine yabanc\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir liderlik olu\u015fumunun en temel ifadesi olmu\u015ftur. 1920\u2019li y\u0131llarda y\u00fckselen anti-\u0130ngiliz, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk muhalif politikalar\u0131n\u0131n, ilerleyen sat\u0131rlarda g\u00f6rece\u011fimiz ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i m\u00fccadelesi ile s\u00fcrekli bir birliktelik yakalayamamas\u0131 \u201cK\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131l\u0131k\u201d bilincinin premat\u00fcre kal\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, ekonomik, maddi bir ili\u015fkiler a\u011f\u0131 ve m\u00fccadele sonucunda kazan\u0131lan<\/em> bir nitelik edinememesinin ana nedenlerinden biridir.<\/span><\/p>\n \n Toprak a\u011fas\u0131\/burjuva<\/span><\/em><\/strong> bir karakterle simgelenen Kilise y\u00f6netimi<\/em><\/strong> ise \u0130ngiliz S\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u0130daresi ile ilk y\u0131llardan itibaren a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya girmek zorunda kal\u0131r. \u0130ngiliz S\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u0130daresi, Kilise\u2019nin Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminden kalma ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131na son vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha \u00f6nce geli\u015fi g\u00fczel vergi toplayan, kendisi vergi vermeyen ve egemenli\u011fine ba\u015f kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman da Osmanl\u0131 askerinden yard\u0131m alan Kilise; vergi toplama ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmaya, vergi vermesi i\u00e7in hukuksal denetim alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaya ve asker\/polis deste\u011finden mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lmaya ba\u015flar. S\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u0130daresi\u2019nin, geleneksel liderli\u011fin bu geleneksel \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmas\u0131, toprak a\u011fas\u0131 ve kapitalist ili\u015fkilerle karakterize edilebilecek papazlar aras\u0131nda ciddi tepkilere yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Kilise Y\u00f6netimi daha 16 \u015eubat 1879\u2019da y\u00fcksek komiser Wolseley\u2019e ba\u015fvurarak, Kilise m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fcn vergi d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etti. Buna ra\u011fmen baz\u0131 piskoposlar \u0130ngiliz S\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u0130daresi taraf\u0131ndan vergi \u00f6demedikleri gerek\u00e7esi ile Haziran 1879\u2019da mahkemeye sevk edildiler. Geleneksel ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n tehlike alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6ren ve kapitalist ili\u015fkilerin yerle\u015fmesinden \u00e7\u0131kar sa\u011flarken, feodal ili\u015fkilerin tasfiyesinden olumsuz etkilenmek istemeyen Kilise, ENOS\u0130S (Yunanistan ile b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme) politikas\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi. \u00c7\u0131karlar\u0131 S\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u0130daresi ile \u00e7eli\u015fkiye d\u00fc\u015fen Kilise (kapitalist bir karakterle simgelenir) ulusal demokratik bir devrim yaratma perspektifinde hareket etmedi. B\u00f6yle bir m\u00fccadele, K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Yukar\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131\u2019na muhalif Kemalist ayd\u0131nlarla ve yeni olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan K\u0131br\u0131s i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketi ile ulusal bir cephe \u015feklinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenebilir ve K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta ulusal sorun daha o y\u0131llardan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme s\u00fcrecine girebilirdi. K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta ulusal demokratik devrim a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n daha o y\u0131llarda tamamlanmas\u0131, K\u0131br\u0131s ulusunun olu\u015fumunda \u00f6nemli bir kilometre ta\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fturur, emperyalizmin ada halklar\u0131n\u0131 birbirine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek s\u00fcrekli hakimiyet stratejisini uygulamas\u0131na engel te\u015fkil ederdi. Ancak Kilise b\u00f6ylesine zor ve uzun vadeli bir m\u00fccadele i\u00e7ine girmek yerine, en temel ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 rasyonalize edecek, kestirme bir s\u00f6zde ulus\u00e7ulu\u011fu (\u00f6zde ba\u015fka bir ulusa dahil olmay\u0131) tercih etti. Bu tercihte, ulusal demokratik devrimden sonra, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelmekten, sosyalist bir devrimle y\u00fczle\u015fmekten korkmas\u0131, bunun yerine Yunanistan\u2019dan 750 km uzaktaki K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta Yunanistan\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 ancak kendi idaresinde bir cennet yaratmak hayali de etkili oldu. Kilise kendi devletini, kendi ulusunu yaratmak zor i\u015fi yerine, kurulu bir devlete, olu\u015fmu\u015f bir ulusa dahil olmay\u0131 daha kolay, daha garanti ve daha kestirme buldu. B\u00f6ylece Yunanistan\u2019a dahil olmay\u0131 savunan ENOS\u0130S \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa vurulan ilk somut darbe oldu. Kilisenin bu politikas\u0131ndan sonra, tek ulus olmaya do\u011fru ilerleyen iki toplum yerine her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn birbirinden ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fen iki halk maddi bir ger\u00e7eklik haline gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n \n Kemalist T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131n muhalefeti ve burjuva kilise egemenleri ile ulusal bir cephede bulu\u015famayan i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri<\/em><\/strong> bir s\u00fcre daha K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunur ve bu u\u011furda somut bir m\u00fccadele y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr. 1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk kongresini \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen K\u0131br\u0131s Kom\u00fcnist Partisi, Enosise kar\u015f\u0131 anti-emperyalist bir cephe siyasetini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer. KKP kendisine ama\u00e7 olarak; \u0130ngiliz S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fine son vermeyi, K\u0131br\u0131s halk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik geleneksel liderli\u011fin (\u00f6zellikle Kilise\u2019nin) bask\u0131lar\u0131na son vermeyi ve ENOS\u0130S\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fmay\u0131 belirler. 18 Kas\u0131m 1929\u2019da Yunanistan Kom\u00fcnist Partisi yay\u0131n organ\u0131 Rizospastis\u2019te KKP\u2019nin \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yay\u0131nlan\u0131r: \u201cENOS\u0130S\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele, emperyalist bask\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeledir. K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 fakir k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin politik stratejisi bu olmal\u0131d\u0131r(4).\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n \n 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan K\u0131br\u0131s Kom\u00fcnist Partisi Manifestosu\u2019nda ise \u015f\u00f6yle denmektedir: \u201cK\u0131br\u0131s Kom\u00fcnist Partisi i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin ivedi ekonomik istemleri i\u00e7in; milliyet\u00e7i liderlerin h\u0131yanetini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in ve onlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 devrimci slogan\u0131 ENOS\u0130S\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131m verecektir. Amac\u0131m\u0131z emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131, ezilen T\u00fcrklerin ve Rumlar\u0131n olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 cephe ile kurulacak Sosyalist K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019t\u0131r(5).\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n \n KKP\u2019nin i\u00e7 dinamiklere dayal\u0131 ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kla K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin maddi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131ndan beslenen bu olumlu politikas\u0131, K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 kitleler i\u00e7erisinde h\u0131zla yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flar. \u00c7e\u015fitli i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f geli\u015fmeler nedeniyle \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcremeyen bu do\u011fru politik \u00e7izgi, o kadar etkili olur ki aradan nerdeyse 80 y\u0131la yak\u0131n zaman ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131l\u0131k, \u00fctopik \u015fekliyle bile olsa, halklar\u0131n bilincinde kendine yer bulabilmektedir. Sovyetik \u00e7izginin hen\u00fcz uluslararas\u0131 politikada gerici karakterini somutla\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konjekt\u00fcrde, KKP kendi \u00fclkesine dair tahlillerini yapabilmekte, uluslararas\u0131 bir destek dahi alabilmekteydi. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede K\u0131br\u0131s Valisi Sir Ronald Storrs 4 Haziran 1931\u2019de \u015funlar\u0131 yazar: \u201cKom\u00fcnist partisinin ilk eylemi 25 Mart\u2019ta Yunan Ulusal g\u00fcn\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6steriler yapmak oldu. Bu parti \u00fcyeleri Limasol\u2019da Yunan Bayra\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 indirerek yerine Bol\u015fevik bayra\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ektiler. Burada ve Lefko\u015fa\u2019da ENOS\u0130S\u2019\u00e7i toplant\u0131lar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar… baz\u0131lar\u0131 tutukland\u0131 ve iki aya kadar hapis cezalar\u0131na h\u00fck\u00fcm giydiler… Polis kay\u0131tlar\u0131na ge\u00e7en kom\u00fcnistlerin say\u0131s\u0131 son alt\u0131 ayda 181\u2019den 365\u2019e \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r(6).\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n \n KKP\u2019nin \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc \u00e7abalar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca \u0130ngiliz S\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u0130daresi\u2019ni de\u011fil Kilise\u2019yi de rahats\u0131z ediyordu. KKP\u2019nin K\u0131br\u0131s ulusunu yaratmaya m\u00fcsait anti-emperyalist bir cephe \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na olumsuz bakan Kilise; Yunan ulusuna eklenmeyi \u00f6n\u00fcne koyan pan-Elenist bir siyaset g\u00fctmeye ba\u015flar. Ancak, bu siyasetin as\u0131l sebebi, KKP\u2019nin burjuva\/feodal m\u00fclkiyet ili\u015fkilerini sorgulamas\u0131 ve bunun da Kilisenin ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 tehdit etmesiydi. K\u0131br\u0131s ulus\u00e7ulu\u011fundan korkan \u0130ngiliz S\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u0130daresi ve m\u00fclkiyet ili\u015fkilerinin sorgulanmas\u0131n\u0131 istemeyen Kilise b\u00f6ylece ortak d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 KKP\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 istemeden de olsa birle\u015firler. 10 Ocak 1934\u2019de K\u0131br\u0131s Valisi\u2019nin gizli memorandumunda: \u201cBenim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, \u015fimdilik, Kilise\u2019ye m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar, ancak sorun yaratmayacak kadar g\u00fc\u00e7 vermek en iyisi olacak. Fakat durum ve ihtiya\u00e7lar her an de\u011fi\u015febilir. \u015eimdilik, Kilise, b\u00fct\u00fcn sahtekarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n anti-kom\u00fcnisttir ve bu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hazinedir…(7)\u201d<\/span><\/em> denmektedir. 23 Kas\u0131m 1936 tarihinde S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeler Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 politik de\u011ferlendirmede ise: \u201cK\u0131br\u0131s\u2019da gelecekteki politik rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in, y\u00f6netimi b\u00f6lgesel farkl\u0131l\u0131k temelinde y\u00fcr\u00fctmeliyiz. B\u00f6ylece, ENOS\u0130S eskimi\u015f bir de\u011fer oldu\u011fu zaman, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak y\u00fckselecek olan K\u0131br\u0131s Ulus\u00e7ulu\u011fu, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en uzak tarihe ertelenmi\u015f olmal\u0131…(8)\u201d<\/span><\/em> denilmektedir. B\u00f6ylece daha yeni geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flayan zay\u0131f bir i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ve cahil k\u00f6yl\u00fc kitlelerine dayal\u0131 hareket; yukar\u0131da da aktar\u0131lan sebeplerle i\u00e7te ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir ittifak yakalayamaz. Kilise ve K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131n muhalefeti ile bulu\u015fmay\u0131nca i\u00e7te yaln\u0131z kal\u0131r. 1930\u2019lar\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren Sovyet d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n \u201csosyalist anavatan\u201d tezlerine do\u011fru y\u00f6nelmesi ve d\u00fcnya Kom\u00fcnist Partileri\u2019nin i\u015flevinin kendi devrimlerini yapmak yerine SSCB\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumaya g\u00f6re tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 KKP\u2019nin K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a dair ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z siyasetinin de sonu olur. 1936 \u0130spanya \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda somut \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc veren, 1945 Yalta Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131k bir nitelik kazanan, 1956 SBKP 20. Kongresi ile tescillenen bu revizyonist politika, KKP\u2019den AKEL\u2019e do\u011fru ilerleyen s\u00fcrece temel karakteristi\u011fini vermi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \u0130kinci Payla\u015f\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda uluslararas\u0131 emperyalist sistemin yeni patronu ABD yeni-s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik siyaseti<\/strong> ile devreye girmi\u015ftir. Emperyalizmin II. Bunal\u0131m D\u00f6nemi\u2019nin klasik s\u00f6m\u00fcrge siyaseti g\u00fcden patronu \u0130ngiltere, 1950\u2019ler boyunca ABD\u2019nin yeni-s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik politikalar\u0131na direnecektir. Eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik y\u00f6ntemleri ile yeni-s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik siyasetinin en temel \u00e7eki\u015fme alanlar\u0131ndan biri de K\u0131br\u0131s olmu\u015ftur. K\u0131br\u0131s \u0130ngiltere i\u00e7in o denli stratejik \u00f6neme sahiptir ki, uluslararas\u0131 emperyalist sistemin yeni patronuna direnerek NATO i\u00e7inde uzun s\u00fcre devam edecek bir \u00e7eli\u015fkiye neden olmu\u015ftur. K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta y\u00fckselecek muhtemel bir ulusal kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesi ile K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n emperyalist ili\u015fkiler a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen ve SSCB\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nemli m\u00fcttefikler sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yunanistan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin K\u0131br\u0131s meselesi nedeniyle birbirine d\u00fc\u015fmesinden \u00e7ekinen ABD; K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 klasik s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci siyasetinden vazge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye bask\u0131 yapmaya ba\u015flar. <\/span><\/p>\n \n 1951\u2019e kadar \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin etki alan\u0131nda bulunan Yunanistan, ENOS\u0130S talebi ile kendisine ba\u015fvuran papazlar\u0131 kovmu\u015f ve \u201cbizi rahat b\u0131rak\u0131n\u201d demi\u015ftir. 29 Eyl\u00fcl 1950\u2019de, sonradan Ba\u015fbakan olacak olan Yunanistan \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Georgios Papandreu, K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Rumlar\u0131n ENOS\u0130S iste\u011fine \u015f\u00f6yle yan\u0131t vermi\u015fti: \u201cYunanistan bug\u00fcn biri \u0130ngiliz \u00f6teki Amerikan iki ci\u011ferle nefes al\u0131yor. Bu nedenle, K\u0131br\u0131s sorunu y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bo\u011fulma tehlikesine giremez(10).\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n \n Ancak Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n tavr\u0131 ABD hegemonyas\u0131 alt\u0131na girmesi ile de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flar. Marshall ve Truman yard\u0131mlar\u0131 ile ABD etki alan\u0131na giren, ABD tekelleri vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ABD\u2019nin yeni-s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi haline gelen Yunanistan devreye sokulur ve ENOS\u0130S istemini \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye bildirir. \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin bu \u00e7abaya yan\u0131t\u0131 sert olur. Sir Anthony Eden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131klamada \u201cK\u0131br\u0131s elbette ki NATO a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Ama sadece NATO a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil. NATO \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta hayati \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. No Cyprus, no oil. Bu da bizim i\u00e7in a\u00e7l\u0131k ve i\u015fsizlik demektir. Bu, bu kadar basittir.(11)\u201d <\/span><\/em>der. \u0130\u00e7te Kilise ve AKEL, d\u0131\u015fta Yunanistan ve ABD taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u0130ngiltere, klasik b\u00f6l-y\u00f6net siyasetini uygulamaya koyar. Bu u\u011furda K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrkleri devreye sokar ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin TAKS\u0130M istemesi i\u00e7in politika y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye ba\u015flar.<\/span><\/p>\n \n K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Yukar\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u0130ngiltere ile uyum i\u00e7inde, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan memnun bir halde ya\u015farken, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019taki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehlikeye girince ciddi bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015fer. \u201c28 Kas\u0131m 1948 g\u00fcn\u00fc K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk liderli\u011fi (K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Yukar\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 m.r.) taraf\u0131ndan Lefko\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrk kesimindeki Ayasofya meydan\u0131nda bir… miting d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve burada K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Rumlar\u0131n plebisit, muhtariyet ve ilhak istemleri \u015fiddetle protesto edilmi\u015fti. Kullan\u0131lan slogan \u015f\u00f6yleydi: Muhtariyet esaret, ENOS\u0130S \u00f6l\u00fcm, adil \u0130ngiliz idaresinin devam\u0131n\u0131 isteriz(12).\u201d<\/em> G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, \u00f6nceleri \u201cstat\u00fckonun devam\u0131\u201d<\/strong> tezini savunan bu asalak memur s\u0131n\u0131f, bu politikan\u0131n d\u00fcnyada geli\u015fen yeni havada hi\u00e7bir yank\u0131 bulmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, \u201cadan\u0131n eski sahibine iadesini\u201d<\/strong> istemeye ba\u015flar. K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Yukar\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bu politika aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131, K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tatl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 ile ilgili aray\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin de y\u00f6nlendirmesi ile \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir politika de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine giden K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Yukar\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 1955\u2019lere gelindi\u011finde \u201cTAKS\u0130M\u201d<\/strong>i savunmaktad\u0131r. TAKS\u0130M tezi, yukar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n memurluktan burjuval\u0131\u011fa<\/strong> ge\u00e7i\u015finin de ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Daha \u00f6nceleri varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 S\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u0130daresi\u2019nin ihsan edece\u011fi mevki ve maa\u015flara ba\u011flayan bu kesim, art\u0131k y\u0131lmaz bir \u201cT\u00fcrk \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131\u201d savunucusu olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrk \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 siyasetinin yoksul K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrkleri daha da yoksulla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, Elen\u2019den ucuza al\u0131p T\u00fcrk\u2019e pahal\u0131 satan T\u00fcrk t\u00fcccar\u0131n (ekonomik) varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir. Ancak yoksul T\u00fcrk i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fc katmerli bir s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc alt\u0131nda kal\u0131r. Taksim tezi, T\u00fcrk t\u00fcccara hem keyfince s\u00f6m\u00fcrebilece\u011fi bir i\u00e7 pazar sa\u011flamas\u0131 anlam\u0131nda, hem de buna itiraz edenleri hain ilan edece\u011fi \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck\u201d<\/strong> ideolojisi anlam\u0131nda i\u015flevsel bir alet sunar. K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Elen Burjuvazisi \/ Kilise\u2019nin Yunanistan\u2019a eklenme ve haz\u0131r bir ulusa dahil olma siyaseti b\u00f6ylece emperyalist \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin de yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 bulur: K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye eklenme ve haz\u0131r bir ulusa dahil olma siyaseti. Zamanla T\u00fcrkiye de Taksim tezini savunmaya ba\u015flar ve NATO i\u00e7i kampla\u015fma netle\u015fir. K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrkler\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Elenler<\/strong>, ta\u015feron devletler ba\u011flam\u0131nda Yunanistan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong> ve emperyalist \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n hesapla\u015fmas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 ABD<\/strong>. Tarih boyunca K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131la\u015famayan ve bu gerilimler temelinde savrulan i\u015f\u00e7i-k\u00f6yl\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n emperyalist-milliyet\u00e7i siyasetlerin yede\u011fi olmaktan kurtulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, geli\u015fmeleri bu \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00fczeydeki ili\u015fki ve \u00e7eli\u015fkiler ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirmek ve tek boyutlu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemelerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak gerekmektedir. Olgular\u0131 yaln\u0131zca emperyalizmin oyunu veya T\u00fcrkiye\/Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131 veya K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Elenlerin\/T\u00fcrklerin hatalar\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirmekten kurtulamayan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemeler, tek boyutlu kalmaya ve ger\u00e7e\u011fi anlayamay\u0131p de\u011fi\u015ftirememeye mahkum olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n \n \n \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi Taksim tezine kazanmas\u0131, ABD\u2019nin EOKA<\/strong> arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadele ba\u015flatmas\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 tarihlere denk d\u00fc\u015fer. Yunanistan \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda fa\u015fist paramiliter g\u00fc\u00e7lerin komutas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f CIA destekli General Grivas, K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a g\u00f6nderilir. ABD ve Yunanistan\u2019dan tam destek alan Grivas, EOKA\u2019y\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeye ba\u015flar. <\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \n \u201cEOKA\u2019n\u0131n faaliyete ge\u00e7mesi Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n yard\u0131m, destek ve onay\u0131yla olmu\u015ftu. Bu olay art\u0131k iyice ABD etki alan\u0131 i\u00e7ine giren Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tav\u0131r ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131… g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir… EOKA hareketi, b\u00f6lgede o d\u00f6nemin ABD-\u0130ngiliz rekabetinde ABD \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n temsilcisiydi(13).\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n \n \n EOKA hem K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta \u0130ngiliz S\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u0130daresi\u2019ni y\u0131pratmak, hem de \u201culusal\u201d m\u00fccadeleden kom\u00fcnist unsurlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015flamak gibi ikili bir g\u00f6rev \u00fcstlenir. Bu g\u00f6revini ba\u015far\u0131 ile y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1955-59 aras\u0131 ABD bas\u0131n\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin sert bir \u015fekilde ele\u015ftirilmesinden ve EOKA\u2019ya sempati ile yakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131labilir. \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta kalma \u0131srar\u0131n\u0131n NATO\u2019nun g\u00fcney kanad\u0131n\u0131 fel\u00e7 etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcren ABD bas\u0131n\u0131, bunun da kom\u00fcnizmin geli\u015fmesine uygun ortam yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eder. \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin, ABD taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan askeri-politik paktlar\u0131 bu \u015fekilde y\u0131pratmas\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilemez oldu\u011fu \u0131srarla yinelenir. EOKA d\u00fcnya tarihinde CIA destekli fa\u015fist paramiliter \u00e7etelerin y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilk \u201culusal kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesi\u201d \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki d\u00fcnya halklar\u0131 nezdinde aln\u0131m\u0131za s\u00fcr\u00fclen bu kara lekeyi art\u0131k silmenin imkan\u0131 yoktur.<\/span><\/p>\n \n ABD-CIA destekli fa\u015fist silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin tepkisi gecikmez. \u0130ngiltere b\u00f6l-y\u00f6net politikas\u0131n\u0131 derinle\u015ftirerek hem K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta kalaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcreyi uzatmaya hem de ABD ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 pazarl\u0131klarda elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek olas\u0131 bir \u00e7ekilmede adada \u00fcsler elde etmeye y\u00f6nelik bir politika geli\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flar. Bu do\u011frultuda ikili bir politika geli\u015ftiren \u0130ngiltere, \u00f6ncelikle adada bulunan on binden fazla askerinin<\/strong> yetersiz oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle, K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131ndan paral\u0131 asker<\/strong> almaya ba\u015flar. \u201cZaman\u0131n \u0130ngiliz y\u00f6neticilerinden John Reddaway\u2019e g\u00f6re, 1958 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131br\u0131s Polis G\u00fcc\u00fc\u2019nde hi\u00e7bir Rum g\u00f6revli yokken, 542 K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk vard\u0131. Yard\u0131mc\u0131 polis olarak ise 70 Ruma kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, 1700 T\u00fcrk g\u00f6rev yapmaktayd\u0131(14).\u201d <\/em>Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde de EOKA\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na TMT<\/strong>\u2019yi (T\u00fcrk Mukavemet Te\u015fkilat\u0131) \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece adada fa\u015fist paramiliter \u00e7eteler, farkl\u0131 emperyalist odaklardan ald\u0131klar\u0131 destek vas\u0131tas\u0131yla varl\u0131k alan\u0131 yakalarlar. \u0130ki halk aras\u0131nda g\u00fcvensizlik y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e y\u00fckselmekte, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar T\u00fcrkle\u015firken, Hristiyanlar Elenle\u015fmektedir. Egemenlerin her d\u00fczeydeki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 halklar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatlar\u0131na da yans\u0131rken, etnik ili\u015fkilerin \u00f6tesinde bir direni\u015f oda\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fmaz\/olu\u015famaz. Bu, art\u0131k halklar\u0131n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinin son a\u015famaya varmak \u00fczere oldu\u011funun g\u00f6stergesidir. \u015eimdinin K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrkleri, 1900\u2019lerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131; 1955\u2019ten sonra kendilerini \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlamaya ba\u015flarlar. Bu durum 1970\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131na kadar b\u00f6yle devam edecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n \n 1955-1960 d\u00f6nemi K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta ya\u015fanan en yo\u011fun d\u00f6nemlerden biridir. 1 Nisan 1955\u2019te EOKA kurulur. Hemen ard\u0131ndan K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrkler kitleler halinde paral\u0131 asker yaz\u0131l\u0131rlar ve \u00f6nce 9 EYL\u00dcL, VOLKAN, KARA \u00c7ETE, sonra \u00e7ok daha profesyonel TMT gibi fa\u015fist, paramiliter \u00f6rg\u00fctler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Solculara, kom\u00fcnistlere, sendikac\u0131lara, demokrat ve ayd\u0131n insanlara y\u00f6nelik e\u015fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmedik bir ter\u00f6r dalgas\u0131 h\u0131zla yay\u0131l\u0131r. T\u00fcrk ve Elen sendikalar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131, belediyelerin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131, \u201cT\u00fcrk\u2019ten T\u00fcrk\u2019e Kampanyas\u0131\u201d gibi gerici politikalar ter\u00f6r ortam\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde rahatl\u0131kla uygulan\u0131r. Halklar\u0131n birbirine d\u00fc\u015fman olmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc y\u00f6ntem: bask\u0131, tehdit, ikna, propaganda, cinayet, yaralama vb. uygulan\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde Nihat Erim: \u201cNe hazindir ki EOKA \u0130ngiliz\u2019den, T\u00fcrk\u2019ten daha \u00e7ok, K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Rumlar\u2019\u0131n can\u0131na k\u0131y\u0131yor(15)\u201d<\/span><\/em> demi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131s\u0131 TMT i\u00e7in de s\u00f6ylenebilir. TMT\u2019nin en kapsaml\u0131 kampanyas\u0131 \u201cT\u00fcrk\u2019ten T\u00fcrk\u2019e\u201d kampanyas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kampanya \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde y\u00fczlerce K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk, TMT militanlar\u0131ndan sokak ortas\u0131nda dayak yemi\u015f, d\u00fckkan\u0131n\u0131n camlar\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Elenlerle ortak sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeye giden K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk i\u015f\u00e7iler bask\u0131 ve tehditlerle sendikalar\u0131ndan istifa ettirilmi\u015fler, zorla milliyet\u00e7i (pan-T\u00fcrkist) sendikalara \u00fcye yazd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Revizyonist politikalar\u0131n takip\u00e7isi de olsa, s\u0131n\u0131fsal temelde T\u00fcrk ve Elen i\u015f\u00e7ileri birlikte \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan AKEL-PEO ve AKEL\u2019in T\u00dcRK KOLU \u00fcyeleri bu fa\u015fist ter\u00f6r ortam\u0131nda yaprak gibi savrulmu\u015flard\u0131r. 1 May\u0131s 1958\u2019de T\u00fcrk ve Elen i\u015f\u00e7ilerin Lefko\u015fa sokaklar\u0131nda ortak bir eylem ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi, fa\u015fist odaklar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Solcular\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne \u201cvur timleri\u201d g\u00f6nderilir, Ahmet Sadi ve e\u015fine ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z bir s\u00fcikast d\u00fczenlenir, TEK (T\u00fcrk E\u011fitim Kul\u00fcb\u00fc-solcu) yak\u0131l\u0131r, Faz\u0131l \u00d6nder, Ahmet Yahya (Berber) katledilirler ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den gelen subaylar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6y isimleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilir. Bu fa\u015fist ter\u00f6r dalgas\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda neredeyse hi\u00e7bir ciddi s\u0131n\u0131fsal direni\u015f bulmaz. Katillerinin arkas\u0131ndan b\u0131\u00e7akla ko\u015farak yakalamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Faz\u0131l \u00d6nder d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda fa\u015fist \u00f6rg\u00fctlere y\u00f6nelik silahlanma, aktif direni\u015f ve misilleme giri\u015fimleri hi\u00e7 yoktur. Reformist, revizyonist, parlamentarist <\/span><\/p>\n AKEL, pasifist bir politika izleyerek bu k\u00f6t\u00fc g\u00fcnlerin ge\u00e7mesini beklemeye, ad\u0131 bilinen kom\u00fcnist T\u00fcrkler\u2019i \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7\u0131rmaya ba\u015flar. Solcular\u0131n sendikalar\u0131ndan istifa etti\u011fini, kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde n\u00f6bet bekleyen fa\u015fistlere bir kur\u015fun bile s\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tescilli fa\u015fistlerin burnunun bile kanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren halklarda korku, sinme ve her \u015feyi sineye \u00e7ekme kaderci duygusu hakim olur. Fa\u015fist e\u011filimlere prim verecek yap\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu asla s\u00f6ylenemeyecek K\u0131br\u0131s halklar\u0131, samimi, cesur ve yi\u011fit bir \u00f6nderli\u011fin yoklu\u011funda, susar, bekler ve \u201canavatanlara\u201d s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmay\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak bulur. Bu d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fanan sindirme politikalar\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk halk\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 izler halen g\u00f6zlemlenebilir. Devlet y\u00f6netiminden \u00e7ekinmeyen ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc hakk\u0131n\u0131 arama e\u011filiminde olan halk\u0131m\u0131z, gizli yeralt\u0131 te\u015fkilatlar\u0131ndan hala \u00fcrkmekte, \u00e7ekinmektedir. Revizyonist sol ise pasifizmi matah bir \u015feymi\u015f gibi savunmay\u0131, \u201cbar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131ll\u0131ktan saymay\u0131\u201d meziyet kabul etmekte, kendi aczini ve yetersizli\u011fini rasyonalize etmeye devam etmektedir. B\u00f6ylece sivil fa\u015fist g\u00fc\u00e7lerin iki halk\u0131 ay\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik fiili sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne devrimci bir set \u00e7ekmeyen AKEL, K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa vurulan son darbeye seyirci kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong> K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131l\u0131k bundan b\u00f6yle varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z (her ne kadar daha bir s\u00fcre onlar kendilerini T\u00fcrk ve Elen diye adland\u0131rsalar da) iki halk\u0131n yani K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrkler ve K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Elenlerin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ancak koordineli m\u00fccadelelerinin birli\u011fi ilkesince ger\u00e7ek k\u0131l\u0131nabilecek, m\u00fccadele ile yarat\u0131labilecek bir ideal olarak var olabilir. \u0130ki halk art\u0131k ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \n \n NATO\u2019nun krizi \u0130ngiltere ve ABD aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen pazarl\u0131klar sonucu 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda ge\u00e7ici olarak sona erer. \u0130ngiltere ada \u00fczerinde dokunulmaz, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz Kraliyet topra\u011f\u0131 say\u0131lan iki b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcs alarak K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n geriye kalan b\u00f6lgelerini bo\u015falt\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgeler ABD\u2019nin yeni-s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik siyasetine uygun olarak s\u00f6zde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir cumhuriyet<\/strong> ilan edilerek uluslararas\u0131 emperyalist sisteme eklemlenir. 16 A\u011fustos 1960 K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ilan\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda yeni-s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci siyasetin zaferidir. Art\u0131k \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fgali yerine ABD\u2019nin gizli i\u015fgali<\/strong> s\u00f6z konusudur. \u0130ngiliz valisi gitmi\u015f, emperyalizmin i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ileri, CIA-MI6 taraf\u0131ndan kurdurulan fa\u015fist ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin ajanlar\u0131 Cumhuriyet\u2019in en yetkili makamlar\u0131na yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Yeni-s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci siyasetin uygulanmas\u0131nda ya\u015fanan ve ilerleyen sat\u0131rlarda de\u011finece\u011fimiz baz\u0131 zaaflarla, K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk ve K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Elen y\u00f6neticilerin bu cumhuriyeti daha en ba\u015ftan kendi b\u00fcy\u00fck milliyet\u00e7i emellerine uygun bulmamalar\u0131, K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fundan itibaren ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n nedenidir. <\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \n K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Yukar\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Elen Burjuvazisi 1960 K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti\u2019nden memnun de\u011fildi. Ancak ABD ile \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin ve T\u00fcrkiye ile Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n uzla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullarda yakalayacaklar\u0131 ilk f\u0131rsata kadar \u00e7eli\u015fkilerini ertelemek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Yeni bir cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131na ve s\u00f6zde bar\u0131\u015fa ra\u011fmen TMT, \u201cT\u00fcrk\u2019ten T\u00fcrk\u2019e Kampanyas\u0131\u201dn\u0131 devam ettirmi\u015ftir. Makarios i\u00e7in ise ENOS\u0130S hala as\u0131l hedef olarak duruyordu. 21 Aral\u0131k 1963, her iki kanad\u0131n da bekledi\u011fi f\u0131rsat olmu\u015ftur. 1964 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren birbirine giren K\u0131br\u0131s Yukar\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131, pasifist AKEL\u2019in politikalar\u0131 sayesinde halk kitlelerini bu sava\u015flar\u0131nda kullanmakta zorlanmad\u0131lar. Ancak ABD; SSCB ile olan detant durumundan ve uluslararas\u0131 planda hareket sahas\u0131 bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 adaya m\u00fcdahale edemedi. T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan ise hem ABD politikalar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda aralar\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fki ya\u015famamaya hem de kendi i\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7evrelerinin bask\u0131lar\u0131 ve K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019taki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla birbirlerine silah \u00e7evirmeye d\u00f6n\u00fck dalgal\u0131\/karars\u0131z bir politik hat izlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. T\u00fcrkiye ile Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n tam bir uyum yakalayamamas\u0131 (sava\u015fta veya bar\u0131\u015fta) ve ABD\u2019nin do\u011frudan bir m\u00fcdahale ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirememesi sonucunda; adadaki en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc odak durumundaki Makarios kontrol\u00fc ele alabildi. 1974 y\u0131l\u0131na kadarki geli\u015fmelere Makarios damgas\u0131n\u0131 vururken asl\u0131nda bu anti-emperyalist bir politik kazan\u0131m olarak de\u011fil, tamamen konjonkt\u00fcrel bir avantaj olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc anti-emperyalist nitelikteki kal\u0131c\u0131 kazan\u0131mlar ancak ezilen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n m\u00fccadelesi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir. <\/span><\/p>\n \n Anavatanlar\u0131n karars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Yukar\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131flarla anavatanlar\u0131n aras\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7maya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Makarios 21 \u015eubat 1965\u2019te Yunanistan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131\u2019na mektup yazarak \u201cYunanistan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti cesaretle K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumazsa, K\u0131br\u0131s h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Yunanistan\u2019dan ayr\u0131 bir politika izlemeye haz\u0131rd\u0131r(16)\u201d<\/span><\/em>\u00a0 <\/span>diyordu. R.R. Denkta\u015f 12\u2019ye 5 Kala isimli \u00e7ok bilinen kitab\u0131n\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde yazarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye veryans\u0131n ediyordu. K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Yukar\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 daha kararl\u0131 bir T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131 istemektedir. T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan ise ABD \u00e7izgisinden uzakla\u015farak alternatif uluslararas\u0131 politika aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131na girmeye ba\u015flarlar. Bu politik kaos ortam\u0131nda T\u00fcrklerle – Elenler aras\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar devam ederken Makarios, Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z \u00dclkeler<\/strong>\u2019le \u00f6nceden yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ili\u015fkiyi derinle\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flar. SSCB\u2019nin Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z \u00dclkeler\u2019in desteklenmesi yoluyla \u201ckapitalist olmayan yol\u201d tezine uygun oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu politika AKEL taraf\u0131ndan tam onay al\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n \n K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Elen Burjuvazisi i\u00e7inde de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k e\u011filimleri g\u00fc\u00e7lenmeye ve ENOS\u0130S yerine ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti talepleri somut bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ENOS\u0130S politikas\u0131 ile \u00e7eli\u015fkiye d\u00fc\u015fen ve K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar uman kesimler; K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti\u2019ndeki ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmekten korkan b\u00fcrokrat kesim<\/strong>, Commonwealth \u00fcyesi olman\u0131n ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7mek istemeyen sanayi burjuvazisi<\/strong> ve Yunanistan\u2019a g\u00f6re al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc daha y\u00fcksek olan i\u00e7 pazar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmek istemeyen t\u00fcccar kesim<\/strong>leriydi. Ancak bu e\u011filimdeki kesimler, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k siyasetini desteklerken K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrklere y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131c\u0131 ve ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 tav\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmezler. B\u00f6ylece 1963\u2019ten sonra halklar aras\u0131 ayr\u0131l\u0131k doruk noktas\u0131na var\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n \n T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan aras\u0131nda y\u00fckselen gerilim NATO i\u00e7inde yeni bir krize neden olurken, K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin h\u0131zla ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k politikalar\u0131na dahil olmas\u0131 da ABD a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ciddi bir tehdit demekti. ABD bu duruma m\u00fcdahale etmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 aramaya koyulur. ABD\u2019li diplomat Dean Acheson<\/strong> bu krizi \u00e7\u00f6zmeyi hedefleyen bir plan haz\u0131rlar ve ABD 1964 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren bu politikay\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koyar. Acheson Planlar\u0131<\/strong> olarak bilinen ve 1974 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli de\u011fi\u015fikliklere tabi tutularak s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcndemde kalan bu plan; adan\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan aras\u0131nda taksimi<\/strong>ni \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir politik \u00f6ze sahiptir. Plan\u0131n ilk hali \u015fu \u015fekildedir: \u201cK\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni ortadan kald\u0131rmak, adan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Yunanistan ile birle\u015ftirmek, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin ayr\u0131yetten ya\u015famas\u0131 ve bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye askeri \u00fcs olarak verilmesi, Makarios\u2019un tarafs\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kom\u00fcnistlerin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131(17).\u201d<\/em> Bu plan vas\u0131tas\u0131yla adan\u0131n ve anavatanlar\u0131n NATO i\u00e7inde kalmas\u0131n\u0131 hedefleyen ABD, Yunanistan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yo\u011fun bir bask\u0131 yaparak plan\u0131 uygulaman\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 aramaya ba\u015flar. 5 Haziran 1964 tarihinde ABD taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilen ve sert bir politik i\u00e7erik ta\u015f\u0131yan Johnson Mektubu<\/strong>, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a m\u00fcdahaleden uzak durmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sert bir dille uyar\u0131rken, ABD ile ve NATO i\u00e7i \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler aramas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini hat\u0131rlatmaktad\u0131r. Hemen ard\u0131ndan politikas\u0131 \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131la\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan T\u00fcrkiye, bu y\u0131ldan itibaren K\u0131br\u0131s konusunda ABD stratejisine daha uygun politikalar izlemeye ba\u015flar. ABD\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan bir gazeteye deme\u00e7 veren \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc: \u201cK\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta y\u00fcr\u00fcyen politika Yunan ve T\u00fcrk m\u00fcnasebetlerini dikkate almayan ve hissi bir ba\u015far\u0131 pe\u015finde olan politikad\u0131r. Bu politika, Yunanl\u0131lar ve T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda dostluk ve anla\u015fma ve ittifak politikas\u0131n\u0131n hangi zaruretlerden do\u011fdu\u011funu hi\u00e7 kavramam\u0131\u015f bir politikad\u0131r… K\u0131br\u0131s politikac\u0131lar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn bu temel hakikatlar\u0131 kendi pen\u00e7elerine alm\u0131\u015flar, kendi hisleri u\u011frunda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiz tehlikeye atmakta teredd\u00fct etmiyorlar(18)\u201d<\/span><\/em> demektedir. Ancak T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Acheson Plan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 tamamen kabul ederek uyumlu bir politika izlemesi i\u00e7in kendi i\u00e7 kamuoylar\u0131n\u0131n taleplerini bast\u0131racak kararl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere (askeri darbelere) ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r(19).<\/span><\/p>\n \n Acheson Plan\u0131 eline ula\u015fan Yunanistan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 bu plan\u0131 K\u0131br\u0131s H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ne kabul ettiremeyece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f ve kendi parlamentosunun bile bu plan\u0131 onaylamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine Johnson taraf\u0131ndan kendisine \u015fu mesaj ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r: \u201cSizin parlamentonuz da anayasan\u0131z da kahrolsun (fuck). ABD bir fildir, K\u0131br\u0131s ve Yunanistan ise birer pire. E\u011fer bu iki pire fili ka\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmaya devam edecek olurlarsa, filin hortumuyla her an ezilebilirler(20).\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n \n Kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortada olan ABD, 21 Nisan 1967\u2019de CIA\u2019in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir planla Yunanistan\u2019da Albaylar Darbesi<\/strong>\u2019ni yapt\u0131r\u0131r. The Observer\u2019de yazan Charles Foley bu durumla ilgili olarak \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cPapadopulos bir devlete ba\u015fbakan olan ilk maa\u015fl\u0131 CIA eleman\u0131d\u0131r<\/em>(21).\u201d<\/em> B\u00f6ylece Yunanistan a\u00e7\u0131k fa\u015fizme ge\u00e7mi\u015f, resmi fa\u015fist g\u00fc\u00e7ler y\u00f6netime el koymu\u015ftur. Bu tarihten sonra T\u00fcrkiye ile Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n ili\u015fkileri h\u0131zla d\u00fczelmeye ba\u015flar. 12 Mart 1971<\/strong>\u2019den sonra ise bu iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc p\u00fcr\u00fcz emperyalizmin lehine d\u00fczeltilmi\u015f, aralar\u0131ndan su s\u0131zmaz durumdad\u0131r. Ancak arkas\u0131na SSCB ve Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z \u00fclkeleri alm\u0131\u015f, i\u00e7te de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k politikas\u0131n\u0131 savunan g\u00fc\u00e7lerle ittifak halinde olan Makarios\u2019u ikna etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. 1968 se\u00e7imlerine \u201cba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z K\u0131br\u0131s\u201d slogan\u0131 ile giren Makarios oylar\u0131n %95\u2019ini al\u0131r. ENOS\u0130S slogan\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckselten Takis Evdokas ise %4 oyda kal\u0131r. Makarios, Eyl\u00fcl 1967\u2019de The Sunday Times gazetesinde yay\u0131nlanan r\u00f6portaj\u0131nda \u201cK\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n ekonomik durumunun \u00e7ok iyi oldu\u011funu ve bu \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda ENOS\u0130S\u2019in K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Yunanl\u0131lar i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemeyece\u011fini(22)\u201d<\/em> s\u00f6ylerken; Ocak 1968\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131klamada ise \u201cENOS\u0130S\u2019in ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 olanaks\u0131z bir ideal oldu\u011funu(23)\u201d<\/em> s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k politikas\u0131 K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta ya\u015fayan Elenlerin Yunanistan\u2019dan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zla\u015farak kendilerini K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Elen<\/strong> olarak tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131 s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flat\u0131r. Art\u0131k etnik temelde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f pan-Elen milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi, yerini daha ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kimlik olu\u015fumuna b\u0131rakmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n \n \n Bu arada \u00e7e\u015fitli de\u011fi\u015fiklere u\u011frayan Emperyalizmin Acheson Plan\u0131<\/strong> hala y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fcktedir. Plan\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan \u201cikna\u201d edilmi\u015f ancak SSCB tehtidi nedeniyle do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahalede bulunamayan ABD, ta\u015feronlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla (T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan) i\u00e7te \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir destek almakta olan Makarios\u2019tan kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Nihat Erim 1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ye \u201cK\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta papaz\u0131n akl\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na getirmek i\u00e7in, fiili bir m\u00fcdahalenin Mr. Acheson\u2019la g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinden edindi\u011fi izlenime g\u00f6re, Amerikal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan anlay\u0131\u015fla kar\u015f\u0131lanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (24)\u201d<\/em> s\u00f6ylemektedir. Nihat Erim\u2019in izlenimleri daha sonradan ger\u00e7ek bilgiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecek ve Acheson kendisine \u201c\u00f6zel olarak, dost\u00e7a s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorum, fazla kan d\u00f6kmeden size ayr\u0131lan b\u00f6lgeyi gidip askeri kuvvetle i\u015fgal edebilir misiniz? E\u011fer bunu yapabilecekseniz, gidip al\u0131n. Amerikan 6. Filosu kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaz, tersine sizi korur(25)\u201d<\/em> diyecektir. Pravda gazetesinin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re 3-4 Haziran 1971\u2019de Lizbon\u2019da yap\u0131lan NATO D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanlar\u0131 toplant\u0131s\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131 b\u00f6lmek konusunda anla\u015fm\u0131\u015flar, yaln\u0131zca uygun f\u0131rsat\u0131 beklemektedirler(26). Yunanistan\u2019da Cunta yanl\u0131s\u0131 bir gazete \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir: \u201cBizler ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i oldu\u011fumuzdan, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n yarar\u0131na olan tek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolunun \u00e7ifte ENOS\u0130S oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. Yani K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n %80\u2019i Yunanistan\u2019la %20\u2019si de T\u00fcrkiye ile birle\u015fmeli(27).\u201d<\/em> Burada anlat\u0131lan Acheson Plan\u0131\u2019ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \n B\u00f6ylece, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ABD giri\u015fimini reddeden, Yunanistan\u2019daki fa\u015fist y\u00f6netime direnen ve ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z \u00fclkeler ile iyi ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftiren Makarios\u2019tan kurtulmak \u015fart olmu\u015ftur. \u201cT\u00fcm d\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri ile, \u00f6zellikle \u2018ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z \u00fclkeler\u2019 ve \u2018sosyalist\u2019 \u00fclkelerle \u00e7ok iyi ili\u015fkiler kuran Makarios, giderek artan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde NATO ve Yunanistan kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir tutum i\u00e7ine giriyordu. Yanl\u0131\u015f bir yorumlama ve kaba bir benzetme ile kendisine \u2018Akdeniz\u2019in Castrosu\u2019 denilmesi, t\u00fcm NATO m\u00fcdahalelerine kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi bu dik ba\u015fl\u0131 tav\u0131r y\u00fcz\u00fcndendir(28).\u201d <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n \n Yunan Cuntas\u0131 ve CIA ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 8 Mart 1970 tarihinde Makarios\u2019a d\u00fczenlenen bir suikast<\/strong> giri\u015fimi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olur. Makarios\u2019a yap\u0131lan suikasti k\u0131namas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunda K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti ABD El\u00e7isi\u2019ninin Kissinger\u2019e yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6neri dikkate al\u0131nmaz, Atina\u2019daki ABD El\u00e7isi de suikasti k\u0131namay\u0131 reddeder. <\/span><\/p>\n \n 29 Temmuz 1971 tarihinde, T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanlar\u0131 Lizbon\u2019dayken vard\u0131klar\u0131 gizli anla\u015fmadan iki ay sonra, bir K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Elen\u2019in Grivas\u2019a yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu mektup ele ge\u00e7irilir: \u201c…\u0130ngiliz El\u00e7ili\u011finde g\u00f6revli Flecher isminde bir gizli servis eleman\u0131 beni ziyaret etti. …benden sizin Acheson Plan\u0131\u2019na benzer bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc kabul edip etmeyece\u011finizi soruyor. E\u011fer bu konuda T\u00fcrkiye, Yunanistan ve siz hemfikir olursan\u0131z, Makarios konusunda endi\u015fe etmemeniz, yap\u0131lacak tek \u015feyin sizin K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a getirilmeniz olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi(29).\u201d <\/strong>Anla\u015f\u0131lan odur ki; <\/em>suikast giri\u015fiminin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131 \u00fczerine ABD, TC ve Yunanistan taraf\u0131ndan yeni bir senaryo uygulamaya konulmu\u015ftur. <\/span><\/p>\n \n Grivas, K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u015flar. \u201cSpiros Papageorgiu\u2019ya g\u00f6re, Grivas Acheson Plan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ekledi\u011fi \u015fu iki notla birlikte, kendisine yak\u0131n buldu\u011fu gazetelere g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti: \u2018Man\u015fetlerden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeyin. Politikam\u0131z\u0131 dayand\u0131raca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu pland\u0131r.\u2019 B\u00f6ylece 8 \u015eubat 1971\u2019de Lefko\u015fa\u2019da Patris, Selanik\u2019te Ellinikos Voras ve Atina\u2019da Estia gazeteleri farkl\u0131 man\u015fetlerle ayn\u0131 metni yay\u0131nlad\u0131. \u0130\u00e7erikte, Acheson Plan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Makarios\u2019un anti-Enosis duru\u015fu y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n Yunanistan ile birle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in e\u015fsiz bir f\u0131rsat oldu\u011fu s\u00f6yleniyordu. Bak\u0131n Estia ne man\u015fet atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: \u2018Acheson Plan\u0131: Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n K\u0131br\u0131s \u00dczerindeki Emelleri Hakl\u0131 \u00c7\u0131k\u0131yor. Makarios\u2019un Yurtseverli\u011fe S\u0131\u011fmayan Tavr\u0131 Ret Y\u00f6n\u00fcnde!\u2019(30)\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n \n \n ABD\u2019nin Acheson Plan\u0131 do\u011frultusunda uyumlu bir birliktelik yakalayan TC ve Yunanistan, bu plan\u0131 Makarios\u2019a kabul ettirmekte zorlan\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u201cT\u00fcrk Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Sunay, 1971 Ekimi\u2019nde bulu\u015ftu\u011fu Kral Konstantin\u2019e \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti: T\u00fcrkiye \u015fahsen Say\u0131n Palamas\u2019tan (Yunan D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 m.r.) ve Yunan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nden beklemedi\u011fi bir yard\u0131m alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ama K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131lar\u0131n direni\u015fi k\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r(31).\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \n \u201cK\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131lar\u0131n\u201d yani Makarios\u2019un direni\u015fini k\u0131rmak y\u00f6n\u00fcnde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konan senaryo do\u011frultusunda, ABD\u2019nin eski dostu fa\u015fist Grivas gizlice adaya sokularak EOKA-B kurdurulur<\/strong>. Bu durum T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bilgisi dahilinde, ABD ve Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n kontrol\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. 12 Ekim 1971 tarihinde Hindistan B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi\u2019nin \u201cGrivas\u2019\u0131n adada bulunmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi rahats\u0131z ediyor mu?\u201d sorusuna Yavuzalp\u2019in yan\u0131t\u0131 \u015fu olmu\u015ftu; \u201cGrivas\u2019\u0131n adada bulunmas\u0131 bizi endi\u015felendirmiyor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Yunanistan ve ABD onun kontrol alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu konusunda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00fcvence verdiler(32).\u201d<\/em> Ancak Grivas\u2019\u0131n kurdu\u011fu EOKA-B, K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Elenlerden hi\u00e7bir kitlesel destek bulmaz. Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Albaylar Cuntas\u0131 EOKA-B\u2019yi d\u00f6rt ayakl\u0131 bir plan\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak tasarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle EOKA-B silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadele yoluyla i\u00e7erde bir kriz<\/strong> yaratacak, ard\u0131ndan ve e\u015fzamanl\u0131 olarak Kilise i\u00e7erisinde Grivas\u2019a yak\u0131n metropolitler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Makarios\u2019un me\u015frulu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 hale getirilecek<\/strong> ve bunun \u00fczerine \u201cmilli merkez\u201d Yunanistan taraf\u0131ndan Makarios\u2019a bir istifa \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 sunulacak<\/strong>t\u0131r. Makarios\u2019un istifay\u0131 reddetmesi halinde de cuntaya sad\u0131k Milli Muhaf\u0131z Ordusu bir darbe yaparak<\/strong> y\u00f6netimi devralacakt\u0131r. Darbe \u00f6ncesi geli\u015fmeler nedeniyle yasal hale gelen yeni y\u00f6netim de Acheson Plan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 onaylayarak, huku\u011fa uygun bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6revini yerine getirecektir. Ancak i\u015fler planland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi gitmez ve \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle bu sofistike plan koordineli olarak uygulanamaz. Plan\u0131n her bir aya\u011f\u0131 birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak hayat bulur ancak Makarios herbirini teker teker savu\u015fturur. 11 \u015eubat 1972 tarihinde Yunan H\u00fck\u00fcmet\u2019i Makarios\u2019a diplomatik bir nota iletir. Nota\u2019n\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmayan k\u0131sm\u0131nda s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak Makarios\u2019un istifas\u0131 istenir. Di\u011fer ayaklardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z uygulanan bu diplomatik notay\u0131 Makarios kolayca savu\u015fturur ve i\u00e7te de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 kesimlerin a\u00e7\u0131k deste\u011fini yan\u0131nda bularak daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lenir. Giderek yaln\u0131zla\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan Grivas ve EOKA-B\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 metropolitler 2 Mart 1972\u2019de, ge\u00e7 kalm\u0131\u015f olarak, toplan\u0131rlar ve Makarios\u2019u Ba\u015fpiskoposluktan veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan istifaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmay\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrler. Kararlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak Makarios\u2019a iletirler ancak etkili olamazlar. Bunun \u00fczerine ve EOKA-B\u2019nin silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadelesi devam ederken 1 Haziran 1972 tarihinde Makarios\u2019a mektup yazarak Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan istifa etmesi i\u00e7in 10 g\u00fcn s\u00fcre verirler. Makarios\u2019un bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 reddetmesi \u00fczerine ya\u015fanan k\u0131sa bir bocalamadan sonra, 7 Mart 1973 tarihinde Metropolitler Meclis\u2019i toplan\u0131r ve Makarios\u2019u Ba\u015fpiskoposluktan azleder. Makarios bu meclisin tamamen gayrime\u015fru oldu\u011funu iddia ederek Ruhani Meclisi toplant\u0131ya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r. Bu toplant\u0131da Metropolitler Meclisi\u2019nin yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 hareket etti\u011fine karar verilir ve Grivas dostu \u00fc\u00e7 Metropolit 14 Temmuz 1973 tarihinde azledilir. EOKA-B\u2019yi de seri operasyonlarla etkisiz hale getiren Makarios, ABD\u2019nin bir hamlesini daha savu\u015fturmu\u015f olur. <\/span><\/p>\n 1964 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beridir uygulanmay\u0131 bekleyen ABD\u2019nin Acheson Plan\u0131 (Taksim veya \u00e7ifte Enosis olarak \u00f6zetlenebilir) i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gerekli d\u00fczenlemeler daha 1967 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, 12 May\u0131s 1971 fa\u015fist cuntas\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye kendisini tamamen bu plana g\u00f6re ayarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i liderli\u011fi de Taksim\u2019e d\u00fcnden raz\u0131d\u0131r. 1967\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Albaylar Cuntas\u0131 sonucunda Yunanistan da bu \u00e7izgidedir. Ancak Makarios bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc ikna edilememektedir. Makarios, Elen milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc yorumu sonucunda ada \u00fczerinde bir Taksimi asla kabul etmeyece\u011fini 1970\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda art\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. Bu durumda \u201culuslararas\u0131 hukuk\u201d kurallar\u0131na uygun bir y\u00f6ntemle Acheson Plan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koymak isteyen ABD i\u00e7in Makarios\u2019tan kurtulmak \u015fart olmu\u015ftu. 1968 se\u00e7imlerini kazanan, 8 Mart 1970 tarihinde CIA taraf\u0131ndan organize edilen bir suikasten kurtulan, Kilise i\u00e7i darbe giri\u015fiminden kurtulan Makarios; EOKA-B\u2019nin silahl\u0131 direni\u015fini de pasifize edince, ABD taraf\u0131ndan Makarios\u2019u temizlemesi g\u00f6revi verilen Yunan fa\u015fistleri a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldular. Albaylar Cuntas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Acheson Plan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 Makarios\u2019a zorla veya iyilikle kabul ettirememesi \u00fczerine Yunanistan\u2019da darbeye darbe yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6ncesinde Albaylar Cuntas\u0131 son kez \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 dener ve 7 Ekim 1973\u2019te Makarios\u2019a bir suikast daha d\u00fczenlenir. Ancak Makarios bu suikastten de tesad\u00fcf eseri kurtulur.<\/span><\/p>\n \n 25 Kas\u0131m 1973\u2019te y\u00f6netime el koyan Yoannidis, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrge tipi fa\u015fizm tarihinde ikinci fa\u015fist y\u00f6netimi kurmu\u015f olur. ABD\u2019nin Acheson Plan\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda tek engel haline gelen Makarios\u2019tan kurtulman\u0131n fiili olarak T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan\u2019\u0131 kullanmaktan ba\u015fka denenmeyen y\u00f6ntemi kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Geli\u015fmelerin fark\u0131nda olan Makarios, kendisine y\u00f6nelik bir darbe haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilincinde olarak Yunan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ne kamuoyuna a\u00e7\u0131k bir mektup g\u00f6ndererek, hakk\u0131ndaki planlar\u0131 protesto eder. 2 Temmuz 1974 tarihli mektupta kendisinin Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n valisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatan Makarios, b\u00fct\u00fcn Yunan subaylar\u0131n\u0131n derhal K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019tan \u00e7ekilmelerini talep eder. Ancak g\u00f6remedi\u011fi nokta Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye ile koordineli olarak ve ABD taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirildi\u011fidir. ABD ise bomban\u0131n saatini \u00e7oktan ayarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Senaryonun ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihi 15 Temmuz 1974 olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n \n Yakla\u015f\u0131k on y\u0131ld\u0131r Acheson Plan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 uygulamak ve b\u00f6ylece ger\u00e7ekten ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir K\u0131br\u0131s tehditini ortadan kald\u0131rmak y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm giri\u015fimleri ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frayan ABD, bu kez ikili bir planla ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle 15 Temmuz 1974 tarihinde Milli Muhaf\u0131z Ordusu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Makarios\u2019a darbe<\/strong> yap\u0131l\u0131r. Darbenin amac\u0131 Makarios\u2019u ele ge\u00e7irip \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek, ard\u0131ndan da Acheson Plan\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm engelleri ortadan kald\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Ancak Makarios ka\u00e7ar. Makarios\u2019un bu hamlesi ABD\u2019nin planlar\u0131n\u0131 bozamaz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu kez bir B plan\u0131 vard\u0131r. Makarios\u2019un ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesi ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye bekledi\u011fi i\u015faret verilir ve T\u00fcrk Ordusu aday\u0131 i\u015fgale ba\u015flar. T\u00fcrk taarruzu 04:45\u2019te ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde Yunan Genel Kurmay\u0131 savunma amac\u0131yla bir giri\u015fim yap\u0131lmas\u0131na engel olur ve s\u00fcrekli \u201cso\u011fukkanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 koruyun\u201d mesaj\u0131 ge\u00e7er. \u201c\u0130lk kritik saatlerde bir tek u\u00e7aksavar mermisi bile at\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r(33).\u201d<\/em> Yakla\u015f\u0131k 06:00\u2019da Yunan sava\u015f gemilerinin yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kmayaca\u011f\u0131 soruldu\u011funda, General Bonanos\u2019un yan\u0131t\u0131: \u201cT\u00fcrkler K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a taarruz ediyor; Biz Yunanistan\u2019\u0131z\u201d<\/em> olmu\u015ftur(34). Milli Muhaf\u0131z Ordusu\u2019nun sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme emri, sald\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131ktan yakla\u015f\u0131k iki saat sonra ve Yunanistan Genelkurmay\u2019\u0131n\u0131n onay\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n![\"](\"https:\/\/www.baraka.cc\/images\/stories\/makale15_1.jpg\")
<\/span><\/span><\/span>K\u0131br\u0131s, tarihi boyunca istilalara u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmi\u015f ve kendi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z geli\u015fme dinami\u011fine sahip olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019in stratejik bir b\u00f6lgesinde, emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7ler i\u00e7in ya\u015famsal \u00e7\u0131karlara sahip bir co\u011frafi konumda bulunan ada; ekonomik-politik bir\u00e7ok geli\u015fmeyi kendi olgunla\u015fma s\u00fcreci i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 dinamiklere dayal\u0131 olarak geli\u015fmeyen, d\u0131\u015ftan dayatma sonucu hayat bulan ekonomik-politik ili\u015fkiler bu sebeple \u00e7arp\u0131k bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu \u00e7arp\u0131k nitelik ulusla\u015fma s\u00fcrecinden, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesine kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda, \u00e7e\u015fitli olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlene d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlene birikmesine neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n![\"](\"https:\/\/www.baraka.cc\/images\/stories\/makale15_2.jpg\")
<\/span><\/span><\/span>K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta niteliksel olarak kapitalist ili\u015fkilerin s\u0131\u00e7rama ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fik \u0130ngiliz egemenli\u011fidir. D\u00f6nemin klasik s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011finin hegemon g\u00fcc\u00fc \u0130ngiltere, 1878 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta da egemen olur. Bu tarihle birlikte K\u0131br\u0131s, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin klasik bir s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi olarak, a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fgal ve vali arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile y\u00f6netilmeye ba\u015flar. \u0130ngiliz egemenleri daha \u00e7ok stratejik \u00f6nemde g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri aday\u0131, askeri maksatlara uygun olarak elde tutarlar ve ekonomik hayat\u0131 belli ba\u015fl\u0131 genel kapitalist uygulamalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda geli\u015ftirmek y\u00f6n\u00fcne gitmezler. K\u0131smen de olsa sanayi ili\u015fkilerinin ada ya\u015fam\u0131na dahil olmas\u0131, kentlerde yo\u011funla\u015fan hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bir emek\u00e7i, i\u015f\u00e7i kesiminin olu\u015fmas\u0131na vesile olur. 1900\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarla birlikte K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck at\u00f6lyeler fabrikalara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flar, madenler yo\u011fun olarak i\u015flenir ve 1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda tren i\u015fletmecili\u011fi kurulur. <\/span>![\"](\"https:\/\/www.baraka.cc\/images\/stories\/makale15_3.jpg\")
<\/span><\/span><\/span>Bu, say\u0131lar\u0131 binlerle ifade edilebilecek i\u015f\u00e7i, emek\u00e7i kesimin sigortas\u0131z, sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z i\u015f ortamlar\u0131nda 12-13 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yo\u011fun bir s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc demektir. Kendili\u011finden bir s\u0131n\u0131f bilincinin geli\u015fimine m\u00fcsait bu ko\u015fullar; ilk \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme giri\u015fimleri, sendikala\u015fma \u00e7abalar\u0131 ve 15 A\u011fustos 1926 tarihinde K\u0131br\u0131s Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin (KKP) kurulmas\u0131 ile, milliyet\u00e7i temel d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir s\u0131n\u0131fsal temeldeki ortak \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fcklere yans\u0131maya ba\u015flar. Y\u0131llard\u0131r k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fck temelinde yar\u0131 a\u00e7 ko\u015fularda ya\u015fayan topluluklar, \u015fimdi de olumsuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda emek\u00e7i olarak kader birlikteli\u011fi etmeye ba\u015flarlar. Y\u00fczy\u0131llardan bu yana ortak isyanlarda kan\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6ken toplumlar, \u015fimdi s\u0131n\u0131fsal temelde bir m\u00fccadele ile K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131l\u0131k bilincini geli\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flarlar.<\/span><\/p>\n![\"](\"https:\/\/www.baraka.cc\/images\/stories\/makale15_4.jpg\")
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Kilise ve \u0130ngiliz S\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u0130daresi\u2019nin politikalar\u0131na g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs geremeyerek ortadan kalkan KKP, 14 Nisan 1941 tarihinde \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan Halk\u0131n \u0130lerici Partisi (AKEL) ad\u0131 ile yeniden \u00f6rg\u00fctlenir. Ancak i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015ftaki geli\u015fmelere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak KKP\u2019nin ad\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen ba\u015fka y\u00f6nleri de vard\u0131r. Sovyetik \u00e7izginin gere\u011fi olarak i\u015f\u00e7i-k\u00f6yl\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde uzun bir evrimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, sendikala\u015fma, reformlar\u0131n elde edilmesi ve parlamenter yollardan iktidar\u0131 hedefleyen; uluslararas\u0131 politikada SBKP\u2019ye g\u00f6bekten ba\u011fl\u0131 bir siyaset AKEL\u2019e damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurur. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede parlamenter m\u00fccadelenin zarar g\u00f6rmemesi i\u00e7in AKEL, Enosis\u2019i desteklemeye hatta bu konuda Kilise ile yar\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. \u201c1947\u2019de Londra\u2019da toplanan D\u00fcnya Kom\u00fcnist Partileri Kongresi\u2019nde AKEL\u2019in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Kongre taraf\u0131ndan da onaylanan karar \u015fudur: \u2018ENOS\u0130S, \u0130ngiltere S\u00f6m\u00fcrgesini sona erdirecek ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n Ortado\u011fu halklar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u00fcs olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyece\u011fi i\u00e7in ilerici bir ad\u0131md\u0131r(9).\u201d <\/strong><\/em>D\u00fcnya reformist, revizyonist, parlamentarist \u00e7izgisinin K\u0131br\u0131s temsilcisi AKEL, bu politikalarla girdi\u011fi 1946 yerel se\u00e7imlerinde d\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirde belediye ba\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kazan\u0131r. Sendikalarda, fabrikalarda ve tarlalarda K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerini birlikte m\u00fccadele do\u011frultusunda \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeye devam eden AKEL, bu politikas\u0131 ile tam ters bir \u015fekilde KKP\u2019nin m\u00fccadeleci karakterinden ve K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z duru\u015fundan taviz verdi\u011fi, reformist\/parlamentarist politikalar\u0131 savunup, ENOS\u0130S tezini onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131 her noktada K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131lar\u0131n birli\u011fine dair son umutlar\u0131 da yava\u015f yava\u015f t\u00fcketmeye ba\u015flar.<\/span><\/p>\n![\"](\"https:\/\/www.baraka.cc\/images\/stories\/makale15_5.jpg\")
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