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<\/a>Kom\u00fcnist Manifesto, Marx ve Engels\u2019in kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar i\u00e7inden en bilineni olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yor. Okusun veya okumas\u0131n, pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ismine a\u015fina ve yine pek \u00e7ok gen\u00e7 insan i\u00e7in ise, Marksizm okumalar\u0131na giri\u015fin ilk ad\u0131m\u0131. Bu yaz\u0131da, Manifesto\u2019nun i\u00e7eri\u011finden ziyade, i\u00e7ermediklerine odaklanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. Ne de olsa Manifesto\u2019nun i\u00e7eri\u011fine dair yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131s\u0131z yoruma veya analize eri\u015febilirsiniz; hatta t\u00fcm bunlara tenezz\u00fcl etmeyip, do\u011frudan Manifesto\u2019nun kendisini de okuyabilirsiniz zira hepi topu 30 sayfal\u0131k bir metinden s\u00f6z ediyoruz.<\/p>\n\u201cManifesto\u2019nun s\u00f6ylemedikleri\u201d \u00fczerine de ciddi say\u0131da ara\u015ft\u0131rma bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn, ama genelde bunlar pek bilinir ya da yayg\u0131n de\u011fil. Manifesto\u2019nun s\u00f6ylemediklerinin belki de en me\u015fhuru, bizzat kendi ismidir. Kom\u00fcnist Manifesto\u2019da kom\u00fcnizmden s\u00f6z edilmez. Kapitalist toplumlar i\u00e7indeki kom\u00fcnist partilerden, kom\u00fcnistlerden ya da kom\u00fcnist edebiyat literat\u00fcr\u00fcnden s\u00f6z edilir ama asla kom\u00fcnist bir toplum ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131yla tarif edilmez. Manifesto\u2019da kapitalist toplumlar\u0131n bir devrimle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi s\u00fcrecindeki ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00f6nlemlerine dair \u00e7ok somut \u00f6neriler ortaya konulurken, do\u011frudan kom\u00fcnist toplumlardan ya hi\u00e7 s\u00f6z edilmez, ya da \u201cbirimizin \u00f6zg\u00fcrce geli\u015fmesinin hepimizin \u00f6zg\u00fcrce geli\u015fmesinin ko\u015fulu oldu\u011fu bir birlik\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi ayr\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f g\u00fczellemelerden ibaret kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Peki neden?<\/b><\/p>\n
Devrimin \u00e7e\u015fitli co\u011frafyalarda bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc gelmeyi\u015fine, ya da sosyalist deneyimlerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerde sosyalist sistemin \u00e7\u00f6kmesine, izole kalmas\u0131na ya da bask\u0131c\u0131 unsurlar ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131na bak\u0131larak genelde Marx\u2019\u0131n sosyalizm konusunda yan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilir. Marx, yan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yan\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 her \u015feyin kusursuz olmas\u0131ndan veya analizlerinin hepsinin t\u0131k\u0131r t\u0131k\u0131r i\u015flemesinden dolay\u0131 de\u011fildir elbette. Yan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc birka\u00e7 g\u00f6rmezden gelinebilir istisnay\u0131 bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131rsak, zaten gelece\u011fin toplumu \u00fczerine tahminde bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Marx\u2019\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131s\u0131, kapitalist toplumlar\u0131n ve genel olarak bir \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imi anlam\u0131ndaki kapitalizmin ele\u015ftirisidir. Bug\u00fcn kapitalist toplumlar ard\u0131 ard\u0131na ekonomik krizlerle veya durgunluklarla \u00e7alkalan\u0131rken, yat\u0131r\u0131m oranlar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp \u00fcretim kapasiteleri hakk\u0131nca kullan\u0131lam\u0131yorken, i\u015fsizlik gittik\u00e7e artar ve talep de ancak bor\u00e7lanma \u00fczerinden olu\u015fturulabilirken; ve de en ilginci, bizzat bu s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00fczeninin tepesindeki patronlar dahi kapitalizmden \u015fikayet\u00e7i oluyorken, Marx\u2019\u0131n ve Manifesto\u2019nun yan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek fazlas\u0131yla anlams\u0131z olur. Yukar\u0131da da belirtildi\u011fi gibi, Marx bir kahin de\u011fildi ve gelece\u011fe ili\u015fkin tahminleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok ama \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyordu. Aslolan, kapitalist toplumlara ili\u015fkin ele\u015ftirisiydi ve bu ele\u015ftiri, temel olarak, yerli yerinde durmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fte Manifesto da, en ba\u015fta belirtildi\u011fi gibi, kom\u00fcnizmden de\u011fil, \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u201cburjuva toplumu\u201dndan s\u00f6z eder. Bunu da, burjuva toplumunu tarih i\u00e7indeki yerine oturtarak ve de en \u00f6nemlisi, burjuva toplumunun ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki devrimci ve ilerici rol\u00fcn\u00fc de teslim ederek yapar. Zaten tam da bu y\u00fczden, burjuva devrimleri, gelece\u011fin e\u015fit ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr toplumlar\u0131 i\u00e7in muazzam bir f\u0131rsat yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; Naz\u0131m Hikmet\u2019in deyi\u015fiyle \u201cyedi kat yerin alt\u0131ndan\/ \u00e7ekip \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p \/ \u00f6yle ate\u015f g\u00f6zl\u00fc \u00e7elik allahlar yaratm\u0131\u015f ki\/ kara topra\u011f\u0131 bir yumrukta yere serebilir, \/ y\u0131lda bir veren nar \/ bin verebilir.\u201d \u00a0Ancak bu f\u0131rsat ve bu geli\u015fmeler, yine tam da burjuva toplumunun \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete dayanmas\u0131 nedeniyle, heba edilmektedir. \u00dcretimin t\u00fcm toplum taraf\u0131ndan muazzam geli\u015fmi\u015flikte organize edilebilmesinin imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 sunan burjuva toplumu, bunun meyvelerinin sadece \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131k\u00e7a elde edildi\u011fi \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet rejimiyle, hem bu yemi\u015fi bol a\u011fa\u00e7tan insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahrum b\u0131rakmakta, hem de her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn bu verimli a\u011fac\u0131 daha da \u00e7ok \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir.<\/p>\n
Manifesto\u2019nun bir ba\u015fka s\u00f6ylemedi\u011fi \u015fey, kendisinin yaz\u0131lma hikayesidir. Manifesto yaz\u0131l\u0131rken Marx sadece 29, Engels ise 27 ya\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu metin, sonradan gelecek \u00e7ok daha sa\u011flam ve bilimsel nitelikteki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ana hatlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktan ibarettir sadece. Daha da \u00f6tesi, \u00fczerinde iyice \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00fczerinde hakk\u0131nca kafa yorulmu\u015f bir metin bile de\u011fildir Manifesto. Bu kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131, yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan sadece 1 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Alman Kom\u00fcnistler Birli\u011fi istemi\u015fti. B\u00f6ylesi bir metnin talep edilmesinin sebebi ise kapitalist toplumlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nca analiz etme iste\u011finden ziyade, devrim \u00e7anlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddetle \u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemin K\u0131ta Avrupas\u0131\u2019nda, bu \u00e7an seslerine bir de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ve onun potansiyel devriminin kendi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z sesini ekleme \u00e7abas\u0131yd\u0131. Hakikaten de metin yay\u0131nland\u0131ktan sadece g\u00fcnler sonra, K\u0131ta Avrupas\u0131 tarihinin en yayg\u0131n ve en \u00f6nemli devrimlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 patlak vermi\u015fti bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede.<\/p>\n
Bu nokta ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. Marx ve Engels, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce birer devrimciydiler. Yazd\u0131klar\u0131 metinler, bilimsel analiz kayg\u0131s\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar, mevcut toplumlar\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir ara\u00e7t\u0131 da ayn\u0131 zamanda. O y\u00fczden Marx ve Engels\u2019in Manifesto\u2019sunun \u201cdo\u011frulu\u011fu\u201dnu belirleyecek olan \u015fey \u201cbilimsel bir kurul\u201d de\u011fil, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bizzat kendisidir. Bu m\u00fccadele ise bizler de dahil olmak \u00fczere yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki b\u00fct\u00fcn emek\u00e7ilerin par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu, onlarla var olan, ancak onlarla ilerleyebilecek bir m\u00fccadeledir.<\/p>\n
Bitirmeden \u00f6nce son olarak \u00f6nemli bir noktaya daha de\u011finmek laz\u0131m. \u201cKom\u00fcnizm\u201d bir fikir de\u011fil, emek\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n m\u00fccadelesinin i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kacak, ger\u00e7ek m\u00fccadelelerin i\u00e7inde filizlenecek -ve halihaz\u0131rda filizlenen- ger\u00e7ek bir harekettir. O y\u00fczden kom\u00fcnistlerin g\u00f6revi, \u201ckom\u00fcnizm idealini\u201d ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek de\u011fil, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n en ufak bir grevinden en b\u00fcy\u00fck ayaklanmas\u0131na kadar her m\u00fccadelesinin bizzat i\u00e7inde olmak ama en nihayetinde de bu m\u00fccadeleleri siyasal alana koordineli bir \u015fekilde ta\u015f\u0131makt\u0131r. Zira Manifesto\u2019da da belirtildi\u011fi gibi, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi siyasal bir m\u00fccadeledir ve burjuvular, i\u015fyerindeki hak aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 zaman zaman tavizler vermek durumunda kalsalar da, emek m\u00fccadelesinin ger\u00e7ek anlamda siyasalla\u015fmas\u0131na asla tahamm\u00fcl edemezler ve bunu engellemek i\u00e7in en sert \u00f6nlemleri hi\u00e7 ac\u0131madan al\u0131rlar. Ancak korkulacak bir \u015fey yok \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201cproleterlerin, zincirlerinden ba\u015fka kaybedecek \u015feyleri yok. Bir d\u00fcnya var kazanacaklar\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Celal \u00d6zk\u0131zan celalozkizan@yahoo.com 21 \u015eubat 1848: Karl Marx ve Friedrich Engels taraf\u0131ndan kom\u00fcnizmin ilk bildirgesi olan Kom\u00fcnist Manifesto yay\u0131mland\u0131. Kom\u00fcnist Manifesto, Marx ve Engels\u2019in kaleme<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":3953,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,44,42,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/12348468_10154325934034325_1920602214_n.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-11O","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3956"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3956"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3958,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3956\/revisions\/3958"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3953"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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<\/a>Kom\u00fcnist Manifesto, Marx ve Engels\u2019in kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar i\u00e7inden en bilineni olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yor. Okusun veya okumas\u0131n, pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ismine a\u015fina ve yine pek \u00e7ok gen\u00e7 insan i\u00e7in ise, Marksizm okumalar\u0131na giri\u015fin ilk ad\u0131m\u0131. Bu yaz\u0131da, Manifesto\u2019nun i\u00e7eri\u011finden ziyade, i\u00e7ermediklerine odaklanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. Ne de olsa Manifesto\u2019nun i\u00e7eri\u011fine dair yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131s\u0131z yoruma veya analize eri\u015febilirsiniz; hatta t\u00fcm bunlara tenezz\u00fcl etmeyip, do\u011frudan Manifesto\u2019nun kendisini de okuyabilirsiniz zira hepi topu 30 sayfal\u0131k bir metinden s\u00f6z ediyoruz.<\/p>\n