{"id":4786,"date":"2017-02-27T15:11:32","date_gmt":"2017-02-27T13:11:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=4786"},"modified":"2017-02-27T15:11:32","modified_gmt":"2017-02-27T13:11:32","slug":"cevre-sorunlarina-insan-merkezci-yaklasim-ve-otesi-nazen-sansal-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=4786","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7EVRE SORUNLARINA \u0130NSAN MERKEZC\u0130 YAKLA\u015eIM VE \u00d6TES\u0130-Nazen \u015eansal"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Argasdi&#8217;nin insan dosyal\u0131 45. say\u0131s\u0131nda insan ve do\u011fa ile ekoloji ili\u015fkilerine &#8220;\u00c7evre sorunler\u0131na insan merkezci yakla\u015f\u0131m ve \u00f6tesi&#8221; isimli makalede ele ald\u0131k.<\/p>\n<p>Nazen \u015eansal<\/p>\n<p>nazen_sansal@yahoo.com<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/\u00e7evre1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4781 alignleft\" alt=\"\u00e7evre1\" src=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/\u00e7evre1-300x178.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/\u00e7evre1-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/\u00e7evre1.jpg 826w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\u0130nsan odakl\u0131 olmak, insan\u0131 merkeze almak, \u00f6nce insan&#8230; Genelde olumlu duyulan ve i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, daha do\u011frusu ya\u015famaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kar d\u00fczeninde, insana dair olana yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgu sebebiyle s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 sar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z c\u00fcmleler&#8230; Ancak konu \u00e7evre ve ekoloji sorunlar\u0131 olunca i\u015fler de\u011fi\u015fiyor; ayn\u0131 c\u00fcmleler, bu kez s\u0131\u011f, hatta sorunlu bir hal al\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc art\u0131k k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte ya\u015fanan ekolojik krizlerle apa\u00e7\u0131k fark\u0131nday\u0131z ki insan merkezcilik, do\u011fan\u0131n ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla insan\u0131n sonunu haz\u0131rl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p><b>Bu i\u015f bu hale nas\u0131l geldi?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Eski \u00e7a\u011flarda bilimin amac\u0131 do\u011fan\u0131n d\u00fczenini anlamak ve onunla uyum i\u00e7inde ya\u015famakt\u0131. Ayd\u0131nlanma d\u00f6neminden itibaren ise bilim, do\u011fay\u0131 anlamak yerine, do\u011faya egemen olup onu denetleyecek bilgiyi elde etmeye evrildi. Orta\u00e7a\u011flarda bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 organik iken, dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel sistem, ekolojik davran\u0131\u015fa yatk\u0131nd\u0131. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ya\u015fayan bir organizma ve besleyen bir ana \u015feklinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi, insanlar\u0131n eylemleri \u00fczerinde dizginleyici bir unsurdu. Ki\u015fi anas\u0131n\u0131 kolayca katledemez, ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131n\u0131 alt\u0131n i\u00e7in de\u015femez veya v\u00fccudunu sakatlayamazd\u0131. Ama bilimin geli\u015fmesi ve makinele\u015fmesi ile do\u011fay\u0131 koruyacak son s\u0131n\u0131r da ortadan kalkt\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel engel yok oldu. B\u00f6ylece bilimsel bilgi &#8220;kendimizi do\u011fan\u0131n efendisi ve sahibi&#8221; yapmak amac\u0131na hizmet i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131. (1)<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7evre-insan etkile\u015fimine insan\u0131n ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi evrime ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, insan ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u00e7evre kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczd\u00fc ve ona ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Fakat, zamanla bu ili\u015fki, insan\u0131n \u00e7evreyi denetleme ve hatta \u00e7evre \u00fczerinde egemen olma yolunda geli\u015fti. Kentle\u015fmenin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, bilim ve teknolojideki ilerlemeler, insan\u0131n do\u011fay\u0131 daha fazla i\u015flemesine vesile oldu, tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinler de insan\u0131n do\u011fan\u0131n efendisi oldu\u011fu fikrini besledi. End\u00fcstrile\u015fme ve kapitalizm ile do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve kirlilik artt\u0131, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma, biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin azalmas\u0131, &#8220;do\u011fal&#8221; afetler gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7evresel felaketler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu geli\u015fmelerin sonucu olarak insan \u00e7evresi ile ilgilenmeye, \u00e7evreyi korumaya ve iyile\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. (2) Ama farkl\u0131 perspektiflerle&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><b>\u0130nsan merkezli \u00e7evrecilik ve ekolojizm<a href=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/\u00e7evre3.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4782 alignright\" alt=\"\u00e7evre3\" src=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/\u00e7evre3-300x300.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/\u00e7evre3-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/\u00e7evre3-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/\u00e7evre3-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/\u00e7evre3.jpg 403w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsan merkezli \u00e7evrecilik, insan\u0131n do\u011faya h\u00fckmetme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini sorgulamayan, ideolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan tarafs\u0131z kalan ve insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan ilgilendiren sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc ile ilgilenen, sorunlar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlarda bulunmayan hareketleri tan\u0131mlar. \u0130nsan merkezli \u00e7evrecili\u011fin en \u00f6nemli a\u00e7mazlar\u0131ndan biri de mevcut \u00fcretim sistemini ve insan\u0131n, yarat\u0131lan t\u00fcketim al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirmemesidir.<\/p>\n<p>Hepimiz \u00e7evreciyiz! \u0130deolojisi, toplumsal sorunlara bak\u0131\u015f\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131fsal konumu, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131s\u0131 fark etmeksizin yediden yetmi\u015fe, sa\u011fc\u0131s\u0131ndan solcusuna, herkesin \u00e7evreci oldu\u011fu bir \u00e7a\u011fda, bir \u00fclkede ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Baz\u0131 sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctleri toplumsal m\u00fccadelenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, kendilerine \u00e7izilen \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7erisinde kalarak \u00e7evreci faaliyetler yaparken, \u00e7evreyi en \u00e7ok kirleten ama \u201csosyal sorumluluk\u201d sahibi \u015firketler de \u00e7evre kampanyalar\u0131na sponsor oluyor. T\u00fcm bunlar, sistemi sorgulamadan, insan\u0131 merkeze al\u0131p, insan\u0131n sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131sa vadeli \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir \u00e7evrecilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131yor. B\u00f6ylesi bir \u00e7evrecili\u011fin kirlili\u011fe \u00e7are olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymak i\u00e7in teorik eksikliklerini veya \u00e7eli\u015fkilerini sayfalarca anlatmak yerine d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n ne kadar ya\u015fanabilir oldu\u011funa bakmak yeterlidir. (3)<\/p>\n<p>Ekolojizm kavram\u0131 ise, en temelde insan\u0131n do\u011fa ile kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fkiyi sorunsalla\u015ft\u0131ran, \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n sadece insanlar \u00fczerindeki etkisi ile de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda di\u011fer varl\u0131klar \u00fczerindeki etkisini de de\u011ferlendirmeye katan, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, kavram\u0131n t\u00fcretildi\u011fi ekoloji kelimesinin ima etti\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na sahip yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Ekolojistler, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, insan-do\u011fa ili\u015fkisine dair yeni bir tan\u0131mlama ile ekolojik krizin a\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylerler. \u00c7evreciler ise, insan do\u011fa ili\u015fkisinde k\u00f6kten bir de\u011fi\u015fim yerine, var olan sistemin olanaklar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek reformist bir tavra sahiptir. \u0130\u015fte bu nedenle do\u011fay\u0131 en \u00e7ok kirleten, hayvan t\u00fcrlerini, insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden \u015firketler de \u00e7evreci faaliyetlerle boy g\u00f6sterebilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><b><a href=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/unnamed.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4783 alignleft\" alt=\"unnamed\" src=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/unnamed.jpg\" width=\"284\" height=\"177\" \/><\/a>Derin ekoloji, toplumsal ekoloji<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Ekolojist hareketler i\u00e7inde de temel iki y\u00f6nelim vard\u0131r: Mistik bir do\u011faya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f hedefiyle insan merkezcili\u011fin ele\u015ftirisi \u00fczerine kurulan derin ekoloji ve ekolojik krizin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131, toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctleni\u015f \u015fekillerinde bulan anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n temsilcisi olarak toplumsal ekoloji&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Derin ekoloji, \u201c\u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131\u201d alt\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilecek t\u00fcm sorun ve felaketlerin son kertede \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131za egemen olan insan merkezli bir d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunur. Buna g\u00f6re \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm, insan merkezli bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 terk edip, \u201cdo\u011fa merkezli\u201d bir anlay\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru evrilmekten ve t\u00fcm politika ve kurumlar\u0131 da bu anlay\u0131\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yeniden d\u00fczenlemekten ge\u00e7iyor. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin, insan\u0131 toplumsall\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u0131y\u0131ran ve onu t\u00fcmden do\u011fan\u0131n kanseri ilan eden y\u00f6n\u00fc, t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 potada eriterek s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumsal yap\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelir. Toplumu, do\u011faya yabanc\u0131 olarak g\u00f6ren boyutu ise tarihselli\u011fi g\u00f6z ard\u0131 eder ve toplumu var olana indirgeyerek bug\u00fcnde dondurur. Oysa insanl\u0131k do\u011fadan ayr\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi toplumsal olan da ekolojik olandan ayr\u0131lamaz. Ayr\u0131ca teknolojiyi t\u00fcmden reddetmek olanaks\u0131z oldu\u011fu gibi teknolojinin kimin hizmetinde oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re do\u011faya, hayvanlara ve insanl\u0131\u011fa faydas\u0131 olabilece\u011fi de bir ger\u00e7ektir. Kald\u0131 ki bug\u00fcn\u00fcn yak\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, kendi ekolojik d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda temiz ellerle ya\u015fayan ki\u015filere de\u011fil direni\u015fte aktif olan insanlara ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Toplumsal ekolojinin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yeni bir ekolojik toplumun in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturacak ilkeler, k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimi hedeflemelidir. Toplumsal ekoloji, \u015fu anki s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 ve hiyerar\u015fik topluma alternatif olarak tahakk\u00fcm\u00fc bertaraf eden, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc, demokratik yap\u0131lanmalarla olu\u015fan\u00a0 ekolojik bir toplumu hedefler. Baz\u0131 hakl\u0131 ele\u015ftirilere g\u00f6re toplumsal ekoloji de derin ekolojiyle ayn\u0131 politik yan\u0131lg\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fmekte, yani hiyerar\u015finin t\u00fcm bi\u00e7imlerini mahkum ederek ekolojist hareketin m\u00fccadelesinin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc belirsizle\u015ftirmektedir. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, kendisini anti kapitalist olarak ifade etmesine ra\u011fmen, devlet ve s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmektedir. Zira toplumsal ekoloji, devlet i\u00e7inde yer etmi\u015f tahakk\u00fcm ile m\u00fccadele etmek isterken, devletin ana i\u015flevinin s\u0131n\u0131f sistemini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak oldu\u011funu; asl\u0131nda bu iki yap\u0131n\u0131n, s\u0131n\u0131f ile devletin, birbiriyle mutlak bir ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla biri olmadan di\u011ferine at\u0131fta bulunulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca toplumsal ekoloji, t\u00fcm t\u00fcrleri e\u015fitlemekle hiyerar\u015fiye ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmektedir. Do\u011fan\u0131n hiyerar\u015fik bir yap\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia etmekle, do\u011fan\u0131n adem-i merkezi bir yap\u0131ya sahip oldu\u011funu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hiyerar\u015finin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplumsal d\u00fczenin do\u011frudan do\u011fayla uyum i\u00e7inde olaca\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131 ayn\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u015feklinin iki farkl\u0131 sonucu olarak kendini g\u00f6sterir. (4)<\/p>\n<p><b>Marksist ekoloji<a href=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/\u00e7evre4.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4784 alignright\" alt=\"\u00e7evre4\" src=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/\u00e7evre4-300x216.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"216\" srcset=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/\u00e7evre4-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/\u00e7evre4.jpg 333w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <\/b><\/p>\n<p>Farkl\u0131 ekolojizm yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sebebi de Sovyetler\u2019deki sosyalizm deneyiminin, pek \u00e7ok sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc gibi ekolojik sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de sa\u011flayamamas\u0131 ve hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Oysa \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131n\u0131, Marksizm i\u00e7inde kalarak ve reel sosyalizm deneyiminden dersler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p, devrimden sonraki cennete havale etmeden \u00e7\u00f6zmenin yolu var.<\/p>\n<p>John Bellamy Foster\u2019in bir r\u00f6portaj\u0131nda belirtti\u011fi gibi \u201cBir\u00e7ok sosyalist \u00e7evrecidir ve bir\u00e7ok \u00e7evreci de sosyalisttir. Asl\u0131nda Marksizm ve ekolojinin hem klasik olarak hem de bug\u00fcn ayn\u0131 sonuca g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kan\u0131s\u0131 mevcut. Marx&#8217;a g\u00f6re hedef, insanl\u0131k ve do\u011fa aras\u0131ndaki metabolik ili\u015fkinin ortak \u00fcreticiler taraf\u0131ndan akla uygun bi\u00e7imde d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi bir toplumun in\u015fas\u0131yd\u0131. Marksistlerin ve ekolojistlerin payla\u015fabilece\u011fi ortak emek bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, sosyal adalet ve \u00e7evresel s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik&#8230; \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurtarmak ve d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kurtarmak. Biri olmadan di\u011ferinin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 bekleyemezsiniz ve mevcut sistemde ikisi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Sistem i\u00e7inde toptan bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yoktur. Ancak toptan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlere kendi mant\u0131\u011f\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 bi\u00e7imde di\u011ferine, halk kontrol\u00fcndeki sisteme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmde pay sahibi olan sistem i\u00e7inden katk\u0131da bulunabiliriz. Yeni toplum, eskisinin d\u00f6lyata\u011f\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Foster, &#8220;Marx&#8217;\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle Engels&#8217;in, insan\u0131n y\u0131llarca tahakk\u00fcm\u00fc alt\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu do\u011fal g\u00fc\u00e7lerden kurtularak do\u011fan\u0131n efendisi olmas\u0131n\u0131 kutsad\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8221; sav\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, ger\u00e7ekte kutsanan\u0131n &#8220;insana do\u011fa ile olan ili\u015fkisini yeniden d\u00fczenleyecek kapasiteyi veren tarihi de\u011fi\u015ftirebilme ya da tarihin hakimi olabilme g\u00fcc\u00fc oldu\u011funu&#8221; savunur. &#8220;Bu g\u00fc\u00e7 insana ihtiya\u00e7 ve potansiyellerinin fark\u0131na varabildi\u011fi bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ortam\u0131nda do\u011fa ile ili\u015fkilerini yeniden d\u00fczenleme kapasitesi verir.&#8221; (5)<b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Marx\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindeki tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, do\u011fay\u0131 diyalektik s\u00fcre\u00e7le a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 gibi unsurlar, onu ekolojik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin referans noktalar\u0131ndan biri yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Marx\u2019a g\u00f6re do\u011fa insan\u0131n inorganik bedenidir, bizzat insan\u0131n kendisinden ba\u015fkas\u0131 do\u011fad\u0131r ve insan do\u011fada ya\u015far\u2026 O halde insan do\u011fan\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kendi kendisi ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat kapitalizmin zorunlu bir sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan do\u011fa-insan b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi, metabolizmada onar\u0131lamaz bir yar\u0131lma yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan Marx\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde merkezi \u00f6nemde olan insan\u0131n do\u011fadan yabanc\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirileri de onun ekoloji d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131lardan biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n<p><b>Sonu\u00e7 olarak<\/b><\/p>\n<p>O halde; insan odakl\u0131 olmak, insan\u0131 merkeze almak, \u00f6nce insan&#8230; Ama insan\u0131n do\u011fan\u0131n hakimi de\u011fil, ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu bilerek ve bu c\u00fcmleleri, &#8220;insan&#8221; yerine e\u015f anlaml\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, &#8220;do\u011fa&#8221;y\u0131 koyarak okudu\u011fumuzda da ayn\u0131 anlam\u0131 i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u0130nsan Do\u011fa \u0130li\u015fkisi Tasar\u0131m\u0131nda Radikal D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm: Derin Ekoloji, Hasan Yayl\u0131, Refik Yasl\u0131kaya<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u0130nsan Merkezli \u00c7evre Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan Do\u011fa Merkezli \u00c7evre Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na, Necmettin \u00d6zerkmen<\/p>\n<p>(3) Kirlili\u011fe Alternatif \u00c7evrecilik mi? Nazen \u015eansal, Argasdi Say\u0131 23<\/p>\n<p>(4) Toplumsal Ekolojiye Y\u00f6neltilen Ele\u015ftiriler, Sanem Yard\u0131mc\u0131, Val Plumwood<\/p>\n<h2>(5) Ekoloji ve Marksizm \u00dczerine D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.teorivepolitika.net\/index.php\/arsiv\/itemlist\/user\/158-g%C3%BCls%C3%BCmemekayta%C3%A7\">G\u00fcls\u00fcm Emek Ayta\u00e7<\/a><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Argasdi&#8217;nin insan dosyal\u0131 45. say\u0131s\u0131nda insan ve do\u011fa ile ekoloji ili\u015fkilerine &#8220;\u00c7evre sorunler\u0131na insan merkezci yakla\u015f\u0131m ve \u00f6tesi&#8221; isimli makalede ele ald\u0131k. Nazen \u015eansal nazen_sansal@yahoo.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":4781,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,44,9,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/\u00e7evre1.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-1fc","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4786"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4786"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4786\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4787,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4786\/revisions\/4787"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4781"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4786"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4786"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4786"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}