{"id":5286,"date":"2017-08-14T08:54:01","date_gmt":"2017-08-14T06:54:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=5286"},"modified":"2017-08-14T08:54:01","modified_gmt":"2017-08-14T06:54:01","slug":"a-diyen-b-demek-zorunda-degildir-anin-yanlis-oldugunu-da-belirtebilir-halil-bolan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=5286","title":{"rendered":"\u2018A\u2019 D\u0130YEN \u2018B\u2019 DEMEK ZORUNDA DE\u011e\u0130LD\u0130R, \u2018A\u2019NIN YANLI\u015e OLDU\u011eUNU DA BEL\u0130RTEB\u0130L\u0130R- Halil Bolan"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"FEA<\/a>\u00a0 14 A\u011fustos 1956<\/b>… Bug\u00fcn Bertolt Brecht’in \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc… Argasdi’nin bellek sayfas\u0131nda konu\u011fumuz olan\u00a0\u00a0 b\u00fcy\u00fck ustay\u0131 bir kez daha sayg\u0131yla an\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Bertolt Brecht (10 \u015eubat<\/a>\u00a01898<\/a>\u00a0Augsburg<\/a>\u00a0– 14 A\u011fustos 1956 Berlin), <\/a>20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n<\/a>\u00a0en etkili\u00a0Alman<\/a>\u00a0\u015fairi, oyun yazar\u0131 ve tiyatro y\u00f6netmeni olarak bilinir. Oyunlar\u0131, pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkede oldu\u011fu gibi \u00fclkemizde de amat\u00f6r ve profesyonel ilerici tiyatrolar taraf\u0131ndan sahnelenmi\u015ftir. Epik tiyatronun<\/a>, di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle “Diyalektik Tiyatro”\u2019nun kurucusudur. Brecht kendisini “kom\u00fcnist<\/a>” olarak tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n

Epik tiyatro, siyasal ama\u00e7l\u0131 bir\u00a0tiyatro<\/a>\u00a0d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesidir.\u00a0Bertolt Brecht<\/a>\u2019in \u00a0Marksizm<\/a>–Leninizm<\/a>\u00a0etkilenimiyle olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ve seslendi\u011fi seyirci kitlesini de emek\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f olarak belirlemi\u015f bir kuramd\u0131r. As\u0131l amac\u0131 tiyatronun; yaln\u0131zca l\u00fcks olarak toplumun elit kesimlerine hitap ediyor olu\u015fu de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u0131radan halk\u0131n sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 da konu edinebilen bir anlay\u0131\u015f \u00fczerine kurulu olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektir. Brecht taraf\u0131ndan bilim \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tiyatrosu olarak de\u011ferlendirilen epik tiyatro, kapitalizm ve s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplum ele\u015ftirisi yapar; oyunlar bir devrimin gereklili\u011fini \u00e7o\u011fu kez do\u011frudan i\u015faret etmese bile varolan sistemin olumsuzlanmas\u0131 yoluyla, seyircisini ba\u015fka alternatifler \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r. Zaman\u0131na g\u00f6re olduk\u00e7a yeni, deneysel ve ilerici \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131yan bu bi\u00e7im, tiyatronun uyutucu ve rahatlat\u0131c\u0131 etkisi yerine seyirciyi uyarmay\u0131 ve karar vermeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmay\u0131 hedefler, kadercilik yerine eyleme ge\u00e7ip de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi \u00f6nerir. \u00a0\u201cEpik Tiyatro, insanlar\u0131n birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndaki toplum ve tarih a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli, yani tipik nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan kesitlerle ilgilenir\u2026 \u0130nsan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015febilirli\u011fi, insan\u0131n kendisinin ise baz\u0131 ekonomik-politik ko\u015fullara ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, ama bu ko\u015fullar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme g\u00fcc\u00fcne de sahip bulundu\u011fu sergilenir, Epik Tiyatroda.\u201d (Brecht,\u00a0Epik Tiyatro<\/em>, s.167-168) Brecht buna tiyatronun tarihselle\u015fmesi diyordu.<\/p>\n

Brecht, sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n at\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, daha okulda iken\u00a0 “Anavatan i\u00e7in \u00f6lmek ho\u015f ve onurludur” s\u00f6z\u00fc \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kompozisyonda \u201cAnavatan i\u00e7in \u00f6lmek ho\u015f ve onurludur s\u00f6z\u00fc, yaln\u0131zca bo\u015f kafal\u0131lar\u0131n ra\u011fbet etti\u011fi bir propaganda slogan\u0131d\u0131r\u201d c\u00fcmlesi ile sava\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 tavr\u0131n\u0131 net bir \u015fekilde koymu\u015ftur. Bu tav\u0131r, bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in sava\u015fmak gerek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle birle\u015ferek oyunlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi \u015fiirlerine de yer bulmu\u015ftur: “Ama bar\u0131\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7 de\u011fil, ot de\u011fil ki ye\u015fersin \/ Sen istersen olur bar\u0131\u015f, istersen \u00e7i\u00e7eklenir \/ Bir tabiat kanunu de\u011fildir sava\u015f \/ Bar\u0131\u015fsa bir arma\u011fan gibi verilmez insana \/ Sava\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in \/ Katillerin \u00f6n\u00fcne dikilmek gerek \/ “Hay\u0131r ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131z” demek.<\/p>\n

1933\u2019te Naziler\u2019in iktidara gelmesi ile birlikte hem d\u00fcnya tarihinde hem de Brecht\u2019in hayat\u0131nda belirleyici olacak olan korku dolu y\u0131llar ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oluyordu. 1935\u2019te eserleri Naziler taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131ld\u0131. 1939\u2019da ise vatanda\u015fl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Eserleri yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Reichtag yang\u0131n\u0131ndan sonra Almanya\u2019dan ka\u00e7an Brecht, bu tarihten sonra \u0130svi\u00e7re, Danimarka, \u0130ngiltere, \u0130sve\u00e7, SSCB ve ABD\u2019ye gitti.1949\u2019da ise hayat\u0131n\u0131n son y\u0131llar\u0131na \u00a0kadar kalaca\u011f\u0131 Do\u011fu Berlin\u2019e \u00a0d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Kafkas Tebe\u015fir Dairesi Brecht\u2019in en uzun oyunudur ve as\u0131l \u00f6yk\u00fcden farkl\u0131 bir\u00e7ok \u00f6yk\u00fcy\u00fc i\u00e7erir. Oyun \u00f6n-oyunda ortaya at\u0131lan bir erdemin, tarihsel ve imgesel bir d\u00fczenleme i\u00e7erisinde olabilirli\u011fini hatta evrimini sergiler. Seyirciler \u00f6yk\u00fcde ge\u00e7en herhangi bir insan olabilirler. B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc d\u00fcnyalar\u0131, de\u011ferlerinin \u00e7eli\u015fik kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar buldu\u011fu d\u00fcnyada \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeye terk edilir.<\/p>\n

Kafkas Tebe\u015fir Dairesi, Broadway canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile sergilenen ama Broadway kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir dramaturji anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir oyun olarak nitelendirilir. Metalardan, m\u00fczikallerden, stilizasyonlardan yararlan\u0131labilece\u011fini, zaten oyunun da bu havada yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak asla bir Broadway prod\u00fcksiyonuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmemesi gerekti\u011fini savunur Bertol Brecht.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

* Stilizasyon<\/b>\u00a0(yal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rma, \u00fcslupla\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi), grafik tasar\u0131mda s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemlerden birisidir. Nesne, karakterine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, amaca uygun bi\u00e7imde yal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece e\u015fyan\u0131n karakteri daha yal\u0131n, daha anlaml\u0131 ortaya konmu\u015f olur.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/p>\n

http:\/\/bit.ly\/2sJvsJt<\/p>\n

http:\/\/bit.ly\/2rGUK6b<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.antoloji.com\/bertolt-brecht\/<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 14 A\u011fustos 1956… Bug\u00fcn Bertolt Brecht’in \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc… Argasdi’nin bellek sayfas\u0131nda konu\u011fumuz olan\u00a0\u00a0 b\u00fcy\u00fck ustay\u0131 bir kez daha sayg\u0131yla an\u0131yoruz. Bertolt Brecht (10 \u015eubat\u00a01898\u00a0Augsburg\u00a0–<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":5287,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[40,67,44,9,1,39],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5286"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5286"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5286\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5288,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5286\/revisions\/5288"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5286"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5286"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5286"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}