{"id":5678,"date":"2017-12-21T09:09:11","date_gmt":"2017-12-21T07:09:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=5678"},"modified":"2017-12-21T09:10:59","modified_gmt":"2017-12-21T07:10:59","slug":"ekofeminizm-ilke-olgun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=5678","title":{"rendered":"Ekofeminizm – \u0130lke Olgun"},"content":{"rendered":"

Argasdi 48. say\u0131 Feminist\u0130Z sayfam\u0131zdan bir yaz\u0131…\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\"44267bfb559719350853999cc21b0297--blankets-online-woven-blankets<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cUygar adam der ki: Ben benim, Ben efendiyim, geri kalan her \u015fey \u00f6teki, d\u0131\u015far\u0131da, altta, alt\u0131mda, itaatkar. Ben sahip olurum, ben kullan\u0131r\u0131m, ben ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r\u0131m, ben s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcr\u00fcm, ben denetlerim. \u00d6nemli olan benim yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131md\u0131r. \u0130steklerim, maddenin var olma sebebidir. Ben benim, geri kalan\u0131ysa uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lacak kad\u0131nlar ve vah\u015fi do\u011fa.\u201d<\/i> Ursula K. Le Guin<\/p>\n

Ekofeminizm,\u00a01970’lerin\u00a0kad\u0131n<\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0do\u011fa aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin \u00f6nemsendi\u011fi ortam\u0131nda, 1974’te\u00a0Fran\u00e7oise d’Eaubonne<\/a>\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nderlik edece\u011fi\u00a0ekolojik<\/a>\u00a0devrimin ad\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kad\u0131n ve do\u011fa sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n nedeni olarak erkek egemenli\u011fini g\u00f6ren ekofeminizm\u00a0Ynestra King<\/a>\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan 1976’da Toplumsal Ekoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde (Vermont<\/a>-ABD) geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. (*)<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ak\u0131m\u0131, do\u011fa ve kad\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc ayn\u0131 anda ele alarak sorgulay\u0131p, ortak bir m\u00fccadele zemini gereklili\u011fine vurgu yapmaktad\u0131r. Ekofeministlere g\u00f6re, do\u011fan\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc ve talan\u0131 kad\u0131nla da ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fundan kad\u0131nlar, ekoloji m\u00fccadelesinin i\u00e7inde aktif rol almal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan ataerkil kapitalist sistem kad\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zel alanda hapsetmek niyetindedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kad\u0131n bu sisteme g\u00f6re erke\u011fin yeniden \u00fcretim alan\u0131nda haz, dinlenme, beslenme, \u00e7ocuk bak\u0131m\u0131, bar\u0131nma ve benzeri ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan nesneye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Erkek ise kamusal alanda konumland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6zel alan\u0131 do\u011fa gibi yani yeniden \u00fcretim alan\u0131, hammadde, kar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ve maliyeti olmayan bir nesne olarak; kamusal alan\u0131 ise k\u00fclt\u00fcr, siyaset, \u00fcretimin planlanmas\u0131 olarak okursak, \u00f6zel alan, kamusal alandan daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 bir yerde konumland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye g\u00f6re, kad\u0131n da do\u011fa gibi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 bir yerdedir. Bu erkek egemen bak\u0131\u015f, ekofeministlerin ciddi tehlike g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc do\u011fa ve kad\u0131n\u0131n talan\u0131na dayanan yakla\u015f\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir m\u00fccadele alan\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ekofeminizm do\u011fa ve kad\u0131n sorunlar\u0131ndan ataerkil kapitalist sistemi sorumlu tutar ve bununla m\u00fccadeleyi \u00f6n\u00fcne koyar.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fan\u0131n ve kad\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc<\/b><\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n ve do\u011fa y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmektedir. \u00c7ok eski \u00e7a\u011flardan beri do\u011fa verici, besleyip b\u00fcy\u00fcten bir anne fakat ayn\u0131 zamanda da vah\u015fi, dizginlenmesi zor bir di\u015fi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 1700’l\u00fc y\u0131llardan sonra geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flayan sanayile\u015fme ile do\u011fan\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc gittik\u00e7e artarken, kad\u0131n\u0131n konumu da h\u0131zla gerilemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r kad\u0131n ve do\u011fa ayn\u0131 kaderi payla\u015fm\u0131\u015f; hor g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, ezilmi\u015f ve kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ataerkil sistem do\u011fay\u0131 ve kad\u0131n\u0131 kendi i\u00e7in yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00fcst\u00fcnde tahakk\u00fcm kurulabilecek, kendi ama\u00e7 ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na hizmet etmesi gereken bir meta gibi g\u00f6rmektedir. Bu sebeple do\u011faya davrand\u0131klar\u0131 gibi kad\u0131na; kad\u0131na davrand\u0131klar\u0131 gibi do\u011faya davranmalar\u0131 kendi ataerkil d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re normaldir. Egemenli\u011fini me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeyi hedefleyen erkek egemen sistem, bu yolda hi\u00e7bir tahribattan \u00e7ekinmeyerek yoluna \u00e7\u0131kabilecek her \u015feyi ezip ge\u00e7mekte teredd\u00fct etmemektedir.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fadan koparmak, nefes alabilece\u011fi kendini yenileyebilece\u011fi ender alanlardan birini de elinden almakt\u0131r. Tarih \u00f6ncesi yaz\u0131tlara, tabletlere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda kad\u0131nla do\u011fan\u0131n yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 net bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6rebiliriz. \u00d6rne\u011fin tanr\u0131\u00e7a fig\u00fcrlerindeki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki bu\u011fdaylar, zeytin dallar\u0131, omuzlar\u0131ndaki ku\u015f kanatlar\u0131, ayaklar\u0131ndaki pen\u00e7eler, ellerlindeki ay \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 bunlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar, tarihin pek eski \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131ndan beri do\u011fadaki bitkileri, tohumlar\u0131 kullanarak bir\u00e7ok ila\u00e7 elde etmi\u015f, bir\u00e7ok hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedavi etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n, ister bat\u0131 toplumunda ya\u015fas\u0131n ister geri b\u0131rakt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerinde, ekolojik y\u0131k\u0131mdan en fazla etkilenen kesimlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir. \u201cBat\u0131 toplumu kad\u0131nlar\u0131, evlerinin de do\u011fan\u0131n da end\u00fcstriyel at\u0131klarla, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 paketler ve plastiklerle kirletilmesinin; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00fcnya kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ise g\u0131das\u0131zl\u0131k, yakacaks\u0131zl\u0131k ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 pestisist kullan\u0131m\u0131 sonucu kirletilmi\u015f sularla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olman\u0131n \u00e7aresizli\u011fini ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar.\u201d (**)<\/p>\n

Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n maddi temelleri<\/b><\/p>\n

Bizce ekofeminizm, do\u011fan\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ile kad\u0131n\u0131n ezilmesi aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011f kurarken, bunu kad\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fayla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmesi (\u00e7ocuk do\u011furma ve besleme yetilerinin olmas\u0131, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ve \u015fefkatli karakteri vb.) \u00fczerinden yapmamal\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesi bir yakla\u015f\u0131m, toplumsal cinsiyet rollerini yaratan tarihsel sosyo-ekonomik s\u00fcre\u00e7leri g\u00f6rmezden gelmek anlam\u0131na gelece\u011fi gibi kad\u0131n=do\u011fa, erkek=ak\u0131l yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da peki\u015ftirecektir. Ekofeminizm, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n do\u011fayla kurdu\u011fu maddi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkiden ve ekolojik talan\u0131n en \u00e7ok kad\u0131nlar\u0131 etkilemesi ger\u00e7e\u011finden hareket etmelidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir k\u00f6yde maden aranmas\u0131ndan veya suyun \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilip pahal\u0131 hale gelmesinden en \u00e7ok etkilenecek olan, k\u00f6yden pek d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131p ge\u00e7imini tarladan sa\u011flayan veya ev i\u015flerinden sorumlu g\u00f6r\u00fclen kad\u0131nlar olacakt\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kad\u0131nlar\u0131n toprakla, tohumla, suyla, iklimle ilgili \u00f6nceki ku\u015faklardan devralm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 bilgileri vard\u0131r. Bu bilgilerin gelecek ku\u015faklara akrat\u0131lmas\u0131, bilimin dahi metala\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in daha da \u00f6nemlidir. Ayr\u0131ca ormans\u0131zla\u015fma, tar\u0131m\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerin tekeline ge\u00e7mesi, \u00e7evre kirlenmesinden do\u011fan hastal\u0131klar, sel vb. felaketler, hayat\u0131n ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n da y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc omzunda ta\u015f\u0131yan kad\u0131nlar\u0131 yoksulla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla feministler, \u00e7evre ve ekoloji m\u00fccadelesinde de yer almak sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130lke Olgun<\/p>\n

\u0130lkeolgun@windowslive.com<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(*) Vikipedi <\/i><\/p>\n

(**) Prof. Dr. G\u00fcnseli Tamko\u00e7, Ekofeminizmin Ama\u00e7lar\u0131<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Argasdi 48. say\u0131 Feminist\u0130Z sayfam\u0131zdan bir yaz\u0131…\u00a0 \u201cUygar adam der ki: Ben benim, Ben efendiyim, geri kalan her \u015fey \u00f6teki, d\u0131\u015far\u0131da, altta, alt\u0131mda, itaatkar. Ben<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5679,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,38,9,42,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/44267bfb559719350853999cc21b0297-blankets-online-woven-blankets-1.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-1tA","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5678"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5678"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5678\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5682,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5678\/revisions\/5682"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5679"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5678"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5678"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}