{"id":5740,"date":"2018-01-15T17:24:05","date_gmt":"2018-01-15T15:24:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=5740"},"modified":"2018-01-15T17:24:05","modified_gmt":"2018-01-15T15:24:05","slug":"sokakta-olu-bir-devrimci-karl-liebknecht-munur-rahvancioglu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=5740","title":{"rendered":"Sokakta \u00d6l\u00fc Bir Devrimci: Karl Liebknecht &#8211; M\u00fcn\u00fcr Rahvanc\u0131o\u011flu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/24337651_10155388357402762_2055343967_n.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5741\" alt=\"24337651_10155388357402762_2055343967_n\" src=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/24337651_10155388357402762_2055343967_n-300x184.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"184\" srcset=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/24337651_10155388357402762_2055343967_n-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/24337651_10155388357402762_2055343967_n.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Argasdi&#8217;nin 49. say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bellek sayfas\u0131nda bug\u00fcn:<\/p>\n<p>15 Ocak 1919: Berlin&#8217;de Rosa Luxemburg ve Karl Liebknecht \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Alman devrim hareketi bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00fcn\u00fcr Rahvanc\u0131o\u011flu<\/p>\n<p>munur.rahvancioglu@gmail.com<\/p>\n<p>Sosyalist m\u00fccadelelerin tarihi y\u00fczeysel olarak okundu\u011funda, Karl Liebknecht\u2019in ismi sadece iki yerde ge\u00e7er: 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda sava\u015f b\u00fct\u00e7esine \u201chay\u0131r\u201d oyu veren tek parlamenter olarak Alman Reichstag\u2019\u0131nda ve Rosa Luxemburg ile birlikte sokak ortas\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckleri 1919 Alman Devrimi\u2019nde&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Partisinin t\u00fcm vekilleri Alman militarizmine \u201cevet\u201d oyu verirken \u201chay\u0131r\u201d diyerek sosyalist ilkelere g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi adanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k da, Rosa ile birlikte \u201csonuna\u201d kadar y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri m\u00fccadeledeki cesaret de e\u015fsiz bir insan yap\u0131yor onu. Ancak Liebknecht\u2019in bize miras b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 bunlardan ibaret de\u011fildir&#8230; Bu an\u0131lanlar yeterince \u00f6nemli olsa bile, o bunlardan \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Peki kimdir Karl Liebknecht?<\/p>\n<p>Karl Liebknecht; Marx\u2019\u0131n yak\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan ve Alman Sosyal Demokrat Partisi\u2019nin (SDP) kurucusu Wilhelm Liebknecht\u2019in o\u011fludur. 1871\u2019de do\u011fmu\u015f ve ya\u015fam\u0131 gen\u00e7lik hareketi liderli\u011finden bro\u015f\u00fcr yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce su\u00e7u y\u00fcz\u00fcnden mahkum olmaktan hukuk doktorlu\u011funa kadar bir \u00e7ok safhadan ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p>Almanya\u2019da \u201cSosyalistlere Kar\u015f\u0131 Yasa\u201dn\u0131n 1890 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile birlikte, on y\u0131llarca illegal faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fcten SDP, yer alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karak se\u00e7imlere kat\u0131lmaya ba\u015flar. SDP kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk se\u00e7imde oylar\u0131n %19.7\u2019sini alarak en b\u00fcy\u00fck parti durumuna gelir, ama bu ayn\u0131 zamanda yeni t\u00fcr bir sorunun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olacakt\u0131r: Parlamentarizm!<\/p>\n<p>Parlamentarizm, meclise se\u00e7ilen vekillerin giderek daha reformist bir tutum tak\u0131nmas\u0131, parlamentodaki uzla\u015fma ve tart\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini fazlas\u0131yla \u00f6nemseyerek sokaktan kopmas\u0131 ve yeni tutumlar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyecek \u015fekilde Marksizm\u2019de revizyonlar\u0131 te\u015fvik etmeleri \u015feklinde v\u00fccut bulmu\u015ftur. Partinin parlamento grubu, bu \u00e7abalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda; onbinlerce \u00fcyeye sahip sendikalardaki rahatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u201cdevrim\u201d, \u201cm\u00fccadele\u201d gibi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 meselelerle bozmak istemeyen sendikal b\u00fcrokrasiyi de yan\u0131na alacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00f6ylesine kronik bir sorundur ki; toplumsal m\u00fccadelelerin parlamentoya temsilci g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi her co\u011frafyada ve her tarihte tekrarlanmaktad\u0131r. Devrimci partilerdeki yozla\u015fma ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ili\u011fin iki kayna\u011f\u0131 hemen her zaman parlamento ve sendikal b\u00fcrokrasi olmu\u015ftur. Sokakta b\u00fcy\u00fcyen m\u00fccadelelerin radikal \u00f6nderleri, ne zaman meclise girseler; hareketi \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran, sistemle uzla\u015ft\u0131rmaya d\u00f6n\u00fck bir iklimin de etki alan\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu bu etkiye teslim olup, kendi partisini sistemle uyumlula\u015ft\u0131ran bir i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrken; Liebknecht gibileri de tam tersine soka\u011fa sadakatlerini sonuna kadar muhafaza etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p>Karl Liebknecht partinin reformist kanad\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesini 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda bizzat parlamentoya girdikten sonra da y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 2 Aral\u0131k 1914 tarihinde, militarizmin sava\u015f \u00f6denekleri i\u00e7in sadece Liebknecht\u2019in \u201chay\u0131r\u201d oyu vermesi ile \u201culusal konsens\u00fcs\u201d ilk kez bozulacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece, Liebknecht Alman militarizminin hedef tahtas\u0131na konulmu\u015ftur. 1 May\u0131s 1916\u2019da Meclis k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcnden konu\u015fma yapan Liebknecht\u2019in \u201ckahrolsun h\u00fck\u00fcmet, kahrolsun sava\u015f\u201d demesi \u00fczerine, dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve o g\u00fcn orada tutuklan\u0131r. \u0130ki bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l hapislik cezas\u0131 alan Liebknecht, sava\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 sokakta m\u00fccadele verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in hapse t\u0131k\u0131lan emek\u00e7ilere lay\u0131k bir temsilci oldu\u011funu, sava\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 mecliste verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadele sonucu hapse girerek g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<p>Bir y\u0131l sonra af ile serbest b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r b\u0131rak\u0131lmaz, y\u00fckselmekte olan Alman Devrimi\u2019nin her kademesinde i\u015f\u00e7ilik yapan Liebknecht; grevlerde, ayaklanmalarda, Alman Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin kurulu\u015funda ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli Alman Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ilan\u0131nda Rosa Luxemburg ile omuz omuza d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6l\u00fcmleri de birlikte olacakt\u0131r. 15 Ocak 1919 tarihinde h\u00fck\u00fcmette olan SDP\u2019nin sa\u011fc\u0131 askerlerden derledi\u011fi Freikorps birlikleri taraf\u0131ndan Rosa ile birlikte g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131rlar. Sokak ortas\u0131nda dip\u00e7iklerle d\u00f6v\u00fclen Rosa arabada \u00f6l\u00fcr ve kanala at\u0131l\u0131r. Liebknecht ise ayn\u0131 gece Berlin Hayvanat Bah\u00e7esi\u2019nin duvar\u0131na dayan\u0131p kur\u015funa dizilir.<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p>Karl Liebknecht, devrimci partilerdeki parlamenter yozla\u015fmaya daha do\u011fdu\u011fu tarihte ve do\u011fdu\u011fu yerde kar\u015f\u0131 koyan bir parlamenter olarak da m\u00fccadele tarihimize ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Parlamentarizmin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 imkans\u0131z bir sorun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, ger\u00e7ek bir devrimcinin bulundu\u011fu her yerde sokak ile ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilece\u011finin ve mecliste ruhunu kaybetmektense, sokakta can\u0131n\u0131 vermeyi ye\u011flemenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funun \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Meclisteki konumu i\u00e7in soka\u011fa ihanet eden \u201csol\u201d partilerin ve bu olumsuzluktan ka\u00e7\u0131nay\u0131m derken m\u00fccadelenin \u00f6nemli bir alan\u0131 olan parlamentoya s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nen devrimcilerin yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde; Liebknecht\u2019in hayat\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc e\u015fsiz bir \u00f6\u011fretmendir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Argasdi&#8217;nin 49. say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bellek sayfas\u0131nda bug\u00fcn: 15 Ocak 1919: Berlin&#8217;de Rosa Luxemburg ve Karl Liebknecht \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Alman devrim hareketi bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. M\u00fcn\u00fcr Rahvanc\u0131o\u011flu munur.rahvancioglu@gmail.com Sosyalist m\u00fccadelelerin<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":5741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,44,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/24337651_10155388357402762_2055343967_n.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-1uA","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5740"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5740"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5740\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5742,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5740\/revisions\/5742"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5740"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5740"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5740"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}