{"id":6032,"date":"2018-05-21T11:11:00","date_gmt":"2018-05-21T09:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=6032"},"modified":"2018-05-21T11:15:58","modified_gmt":"2018-05-21T09:15:58","slug":"cemberin-disina-cikabilmek-nazen-sansal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=6032","title":{"rendered":"“\u00c7ember”in D\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00c7\u0131kabilmek – Nazen \u015eansal"},"content":{"rendered":"

Argasdi dergimizin “\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck” temal\u0131 50. say\u0131s\u0131ndan, sosyal medyay\u0131\u00a0 farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nleriyle sorgulatan bir yaz\u0131…<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Sosyal-Medyanin-Faydalari\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn pek \u00e7o\u011fumuz internet ve sosyal medya kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 hatta ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131s\u0131y\u0131z. Merak etmeyin, bu yaz\u0131 “nerede o eski bayramlar” tad\u0131nda, sosyal medyan\u0131n s\u0131\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sanal alemlerin ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 filan anlatan, anneannelere \u00f6zg\u00fc bir yeniye direnme, dijital teknolojileri azarlama yaz\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fil. Ancak internet arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kurulan yeni toplumsal ili\u015fkilerin bir yandan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirici y\u00f6nlerini g\u00f6r\u00fcrken, \u00f6te yandan 4. end\u00fcstri devrimi denen bu s\u00fcrecin insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fini ve etik tan\u0131mayan bir “\u00e7ember”e almak \u00fczere oldu\u011funu da fark etmemiz gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

\"0000000700993-1\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Yak\u0131n gelece\u011fin ve uzak olmas\u0131n\u0131 dileyece\u011fimiz ihtimallerin kitab\u0131: “\u00c7ember”<\/b><\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n distopyalar\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin 1984’\u00fc, her an herkesi g\u00f6zetleyen b\u00fcy\u00fck biraderi, do\u011fal olarak \u015firket egemenli\u011fi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tehditlerini de\u011fil bask\u0131c\u0131 bir devlet erkinin bireyi yok etmesini anlat\u0131r. Oysa i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z “bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler” d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda daha korkutucu olan, kendi r\u0131zam\u0131zla \u015firketlere teslim etti\u011fimiz mahremiyetimiz, herkes hakk\u0131nda her \u015feyi izleme, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bilgiye an\u0131nda eri\u015febilme arzumuz ve bu konudaki s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z olabilir mi? Hele ki ayn\u0131 \u015feffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131, milyonlarca insan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn verilerini depolayan ve analiz edip kara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren \u015firketler g\u00f6stermezken… \u0130\u015fte Dave Eggers’in “\u00c7ember” adl\u0131 roman\u0131 bunlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Kitaba ad\u0131n\u0131 veren “\u00c7ember”, Google, Facebook, Apple gibi \u015firketlerin yerini alan bir d\u00fcnya devidir ve temel mottosu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kt\u0131r. Herkesin herkese ve bilinen her \u015feye k\u0131s\u0131ts\u0131z eri\u015fimi sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, t\u00fcm ruhlar birbirine ba\u011flanacak, d\u00fcnya daha g\u00fczel bir yer olacakt\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la \u00f6zel veya kamusal her yere farkedilmeyecek kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck De\u011fi\u015fimiG\u00f6r kameralar\u0131 yerle\u015ftirilmesi, ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuklara \u00e7ip tak\u0131lmas\u0131, A\u015fkMa\u015fk program\u0131yla fl\u00f6rt etmenin zorluklar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, Evcimen adl\u0131 telefon uygulamas\u0131yla evdeki \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin barkodlar\u0131n\u0131n taran\u0131p biten \u015feylerin sipari\u015f edilmesi ve benzeri yenilikler yapmaktad\u0131r. Hikaye, \u00c7ember’de yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan ve okuyucu gibi her ad\u0131mda ikna edilmesi gereken Mae \u00fczerinden anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, kendisi ve ailesi i\u00e7in geni\u015f bir sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortas\u0131, zengin sosyal aktiviteler, \u015firketin yerle\u015fkesinde konaklama gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in sa\u011flanan imkanlar -asl\u0131nda \u015firketin kar\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yeniden \u00fcretilmesi- olduk\u00e7a cezbedicidir. Mae, pek \u00e7ok \u00c7ember \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 ve kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 gibi insanl\u0131k yarar\u0131na bir \u015feyler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131r. Oysa yine pek \u00e7ok \u00c7ember \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 ve kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 gibi kolektif olarak yap\u0131lan -hatta par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu- i\u015ften bireysel olarak bihaberdir. Ekonomik zenginlikle birlikte d\u00fcnyaya egemen olma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde politik g\u00fc\u00e7 h\u0131rs\u0131na kap\u0131lan \u00c7ember, gitgide daralmaktad\u0131r!<\/p>\n

\"necdet\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Zalimin egemen medyas\u0131 varsa mazlumun ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonu var!<\/b><\/p>\n

Peki ama Zapaistalardan bu yana \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n sistem kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 direni\u015flerinin \u00e7o\u011fu, dijital teknolojileri ve sosyal medyay\u0131 kullanarak kitleselle\u015fmedi mi? Arap \u00fclkelerinde, Yunanistan’da, Gezi olaylar\u0131nda, Reddediyoruz eylemlerimizde, hareketin g\u00fcc\u00fc ve etkisi sosyal medyada katlanarak b\u00fcy\u00fcmedi mi? Cevap ku\u015fkusuz evettir. Bu gibi toplumsal hareketler, sosyal medya sayesinde, egemen medyan\u0131n tekelini k\u0131rabilmi\u015f ve kendi anlat\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, kendi bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan olu\u015fturabilmi\u015ftir. Ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlar\u0131n kameralar\u0131ndan, g\u00f6zetleyenler g\u00f6zetlenebilmi\u015f ve t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya ile payla\u015f\u0131labilmi\u015ftir. \u0130nsanlar, sosyal a\u011flar\u0131n sundu\u011fu imkanlarla, kendileri gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015fi oldu\u011funu ve yaln\u0131z olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 fark edebilmi\u015f, \u00e7ekinmeden soka\u011fa d\u00f6k\u00fclebilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan, b\u00fcrokratik yap\u0131lanmalar yerine ki\u015filerin s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p inisiyatif ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 ve yatay ili\u015fkiler \u00fczerine kurulu hareketlerin, dijital teknolojiler yoluyla elde ettikleri bu avantaj, ayn\u0131 zamanda en b\u00fcy\u00fck zaafiyetleri de olabilmektedir. Geleneksel y\u00f6ntemlerle; insanlar\u0131n ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin bir araya gelerek uzun ve zorlu bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi protestolar, kal\u0131c\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilir ili\u015fki a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131, ayr\u0131ca karar alma mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde \u00f6rmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla taleplerle ilgili m\u00fczakere yetene\u011fi ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sorunlarda taktik esnekli\u011fi kazan\u0131lmakta, h\u00fck\u00fcmetler \u00fczerinde etkili olabilecek uzun vadeli politikalar \u00fcretilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bilgiye er\u015fimi engellemek yerine bilgi kirili\u011fi ile sans\u00fcr<\/b><\/p>\n

Art\u0131k egemenler de a\u011fa dayal\u0131 toplumsal hareketler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda acemi de\u011fildir. Bir\u00e7ok h\u00fck\u00fcmet, internette sans\u00fcr uygulama, eri\u015fim engelleme gibi bask\u0131larla tepki \u00e7ekmek yerine dikkati da\u011f\u0131tacak, bilginin g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini sarsacak yalan haberler, troller gibi y\u00f6ntemler kulanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yeni sans\u00fcr stratejisi, direnenlerin kendi bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan anlat\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturma ve insanlar\u0131 buna inand\u0131rma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sarsmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 oldu\u011fumuz \u015firketlerin arac\u0131 reklam, amac\u0131 kar etmektir<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcrce kendimizi ifade etti\u011fimiz Facebook’un ya da Twitter’in asl\u0131nda bizim ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak gibi bir gayesi ve gailesi yoktur. \u0130ster ki\u015fisel hayat\u0131m\u0131zda “sosyalle\u015fmek” ister politik hareketimizi kitleselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kullanal\u0131m, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 oldu\u011fumuz sosyal medya platformlar\u0131, reklamc\u0131l\u0131ktan para kazanan ve buna g\u00f6re i\u015fleyen, kar ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u015firketlerdir. “Reklamlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden geliriz, olur biter” diyebilirsiniz. Zaten sistemin tehlikeli olan boyutu bunun \u00fczerine kurulu. Reklam verenler bunu bildiklerinden, kullan\u0131c\u0131lardan elde edilen verilere g\u00f6re, ki\u015fiye \u00f6zel reklam yapma yoluna gidiyor. Bunun i\u00e7in de her bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli ve s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir veri toplama i\u015fine giri\u015filiyor. Facebook veya YouTube gibi sitelerde, kime neyin g\u00f6sterilece\u011fini belirleyen yapay \u00f6\u011frenme algoritmalar\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131ya sitede daha fazla vakit ge\u00e7irtmeyi \u00f6ncelikli olarak g\u00f6rmektedir. Geleneksel medyada bir haberin yer al\u0131p almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya ne \u015fekilde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 herkes\u00e7e bilinebilir ve hesab\u0131 sorulabilir. Ancak sosyal medyada ki\u015fisel verilere ve buna dayanan reklam analizlerine g\u00f6re g\u00f6r\u00fclen\/g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen sayfalar, toplum olarak ortak bilgi taban\u0131ndan uzakla\u015fmam\u0131za sebep olur ve zamanla kamusal tart\u0131\u015fma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de bertaraf eder. Bug\u00fcn ticari ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131lan bu g\u00fcc\u00fcn, yar\u0131n politik ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 da kuvvetle muhtemeldir.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan, \u00f6n\u00fcne sorun olarak koydu\u011fu \u015feyleri \u00e7\u00f6zer*<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sosyal medya platformlar\u0131, t\u0131pk\u0131 “\u00c7ember”in y\u00f6neticileri gibi, \u015feffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131n erdemleri \u00fczerine konu\u015fmay\u0131 sevseler de kendileri b\u00f6yle davranm\u0131yorlar. \u015eirketler, istenmeyen durumlardan, art\u0131k kendi kontrolleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenme yetisi olan algoritmalar\u0131 sorumlu tutuyorlar ve bunlar\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015fi hakk\u0131nda bilgi vermiyorlar.<\/p>\n

“\u00c7ember”de anlat\u0131lanlar, \u015fimdilik bir distopya… Ancak dijital teknolojilere ve sosyal medya platformlar\u0131na, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00fczeninden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zm\u0131\u015f gibi bakar ve yaln\u0131zca \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirici y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcrsek ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi hi\u00e7 de uzak olmayabilir. \u015eayet bizi y\u00f6neten h\u00fck\u00fcmetler gibi y\u00f6nlendiren \u015firketleri de hesap sorulabilir, etik s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde kalmaya zorlayablirsek durum farkl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc “insan, \u00f6n\u00fcne sorun olarak koydu\u011fu \u015feyleri \u00e7\u00f6zer.”<\/p>\n

Nazen \u015eansal<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

* Karl Marx<\/i><\/p>\n

Kaynaklar: <\/i><\/p>\n

1-Bilim ve Gelecek dergisi say\u0131 116, “Sosyal Medyada S\u0131n\u0131f M\u00fccadelesi” ve “4. End\u00fcstri Devrimi ve Toplum M\u00fchendisli\u011fi Y\u00f6ntemleri”, \u0130zlem G\u00f6z\u00fckele\u015f<\/i><\/p>\n

2- Zeynep T\u00fcfek\u00e7i’nin “\u0130nsanlar\u0131n reklamlara t\u0131klamas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir distopya yarat\u0131yoruz” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 TED konu\u015fmas\u0131, YouTube<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Argasdi dergimizin “\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck” temal\u0131 50. say\u0131s\u0131ndan, sosyal medyay\u0131\u00a0 farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nleriyle sorgulatan bir yaz\u0131… Bug\u00fcn pek \u00e7o\u011fumuz internet ve sosyal medya kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 hatta ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131s\u0131y\u0131z. Merak etmeyin,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6035,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,38,9,42,1],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/necdet.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-1zi","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6032"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6032"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6032\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6037,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6032\/revisions\/6037"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6035"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6032"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6032"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}