{"id":6042,"date":"2018-05-28T11:50:08","date_gmt":"2018-05-28T09:50:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=6042"},"modified":"2018-05-28T11:50:08","modified_gmt":"2018-05-28T09:50:08","slug":"basin-ve-ifade-ozgurlugunun-dusundurdukleri-tahsin-oygar-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=6042","title":{"rendered":"Bas\u0131n ve \u0130fade \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri – Tahsin Oygar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Argasdi’nin “\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck” temal\u0131 50. say\u0131s\u0131ndan bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair bir yaz\u0131…<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\u0130FADE<\/a><\/p>\n

Ki\u015filerin istedi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi engellenemez bir \u015feydir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, ki\u015finin deneyimleri, \u00e7e\u015fitli toplumsal ve \u00e7evresel etkiler ve kendi hayal g\u00fcc\u00fc potansiyeli ile belirlenir. \u00d6zg\u00fcrce d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilmenin yani d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn tamamlanabilmesi ve anlam kazanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ifade edilebilmesi de gerekmektedir. Herhangi bir ifadenin topluma daha etkili yay\u0131labilmesi, ula\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in de bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc devreye girmektedir. Peki, ifade ve bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc mutlak m\u0131d\u0131r? Bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, bas\u0131n yay\u0131n ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyeti ile hi\u00e7 mi ilgisi yok? Buraya gelmeden \u00f6nce tarihsel olarak bu kavramlara bakmakta yarar var. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her d\u00f6nemde ayn\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan evrensel bir ifade ve bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Tarihsel, k\u0131sa bir bak\u0131\u015f<\/b><\/p>\n

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, ifade ve bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tarih boyunca \u00f6nemli roller \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilerlemesine, farkl\u0131 fikirlerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131na, var olanlar\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na, iktidarlar\u0131n ele\u015ftirilebilmesine hatta y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep olabilmi\u015ftir. Antik \u00e7a\u011f M\u00d6 5. yy. \u0130yonya\u2019s\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u00fcnl\u00fc filozof Ksenofanes \u201c\u00d6k\u00fczlerde insan yetene\u011fi ve insan\u0131n eli olsayd\u0131, onlar da \u00f6k\u00fcz bi\u00e7iminde tanr\u0131lar yaparlard\u0131\u201d \u00a0<\/i>diyerek, d\u00f6nemin s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumunun dini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri (bug\u00fcn\u00fcn Yunan mitolojisi olarak bilinen) ile yap\u0131lan insan siluetindeki tanr\u0131lara olan inanc\u0131 ele\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Tabiri caiz ise o d\u00f6nemin ruhban s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirebilen filozofun kendisi, se\u00e7kinler s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00fcyesi idi ve k\u00f6lecilik olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131nd\u0131! Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda da benzer \u00f6rnekler g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmekte, ekonomik ve stratejik konularda y\u00f6netici s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131nda tam demokrasi i\u015flerken, imparator aleyhine ifade ve ele\u015ftiri kesinlikle yasak ve de ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00f6lecilik devam etmekteydi. Feodalizmin mutlak, soydan ve tanr\u0131dan gelen iktidar g\u00fcc\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131, 14. ve 15. yy.\u2019larda yeni yeni do\u011fmu\u015f ve palazlanmakta olan burjuvazi i\u00e7in ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kendi s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n iktidar\u0131 ve feodalizmin ala\u015fa\u011f\u0131 edilebilmesi i\u00e7in de\u011ferli bir ara\u00e7t\u0131. Burjuvazi de bu arac\u0131 ezilenlerin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc de arkas\u0131na alarak sahiplendi ve savundu. Tabii ki dereyi ge\u00e7ene kadar! Burjuvazi iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011finde ise kapitalizm ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda ifade ve bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ulusal \u00f6l\u00e7eklerde tekrar tekrar revize edilip k\u0131s\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burjuva ideologlar ve liberallerin kapitalizmle ula\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ettikleri \u201chukuk devleti\u201d, \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d, \u201ce\u015fitlik\u201d, \u201ctam demokrasi\u201d, \u201cbas\u0131n ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d gibi kavramlar ancak kapitalistlerin iktidar\u0131n\u0131 ve egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 tehdit etmedi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde var olabildi. Kapitalistlerin vadetti\u011fi, temel insan hakk\u0131 olarak savundu\u011fu bu de\u011ferlerin, asl\u0131nda onlar i\u00e7in feodalizmin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 ve iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmelerinden sonra koca bir yalan oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Peki biz ne yapmal\u0131y\u0131z?<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte tam da bu y\u00fczdendir ki biz devrimciler, kapitalizm ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda ifade ve bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc savunmal\u0131 ve talep etmeliyiz. Kapitalizmin vadetti\u011fi fakat kendi iktidar\u0131 aleyhine bir potansiyel oldu\u011fu zaman uygulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu haklar\u0131 kesinlikle yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131y\u0131z. Bas\u0131n yay\u0131n \u00fcretiminin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetinin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele vermeliyiz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bug\u00fcn\u00fcn egemen medyas\u0131, egemenlerin fikir ve ideolojilerinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in medya patronlar\u0131 ve iktidar\u0131n i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde hareket etmektedir. Bunun ortada kalkmas\u0131 da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve okuyucular\u0131n\/izleyicilerin y\u00f6netimde s\u00f6z sahibi oldu\u011fu yani \u00f6z y\u00f6netimin oldu\u011fu medya kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ile daha m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale gelecektir.<\/p>\n

\u0130fade ve bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc mutlak m\u0131d\u0131r? Her d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc ifade etmeli miyiz?<\/b><\/p>\n

Bu sorulara kim olarak cevap verdi\u011finize g\u00f6re cevap de\u011fi\u015febilir. Bir birey ve s\u0131radan bir medya kurumu olarak \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131, t\u00fcrc\u00fc ve cinsiyet\u00e7i olmayan, hakaret ve nefret s\u00f6ylemi i\u00e7ermeyen t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin ifade edilebilmesi; bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131; sans\u00fcr, hatta oto sans\u00fcre u\u011framamas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele edilmelidir. Sol oldu\u011funu iddia eden bir yay\u0131n kurulu\u015fu i\u00e7inse burada durup bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek gerekiyor\u2026<\/p>\n

K\u0131br\u0131s ko\u015fullar\u0131nda durup bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim\u2026<\/b><\/p>\n

K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n kuzeyindeki sol hareketler i\u00e7erisinde ne siyaseten ne de bireyler baz\u0131nda ele\u015ftiri \u00f6zele\u015ftiri k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc geli\u015fmi\u015f durumda de\u011fil. Hemen hemen t\u00fcm siyasetler her ele\u015ftiriyi sald\u0131r\u0131 olarak alg\u0131l\u0131yor. Fikirleri de\u011fil ki\u015fileri konu\u015fmay\u0131 tercih ediyor. Genelde siyasetler ortaya at\u0131lan fikirlerden \u00e7ok, niyetler ve bilin\u00e7alt\u0131 okumalar\u0131nda uzman! \u00c7ok da zeki olundu\u011fu i\u00e7in en kestirmeden tek c\u00fcmle ile her \u015feyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcyor ve anl\u0131yorlar. B\u00f6yle bir ortamda ifade edilen herhangi bir sol fikrin ele\u015ftirilmesi bile o fikrin ifade edilme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funuz sonucunu \u00e7\u0131kartabiliyor kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za. Sol bir yay\u0131n organ\u0131 olarak toplumsal muhalefete zarar verebilecek fikirleri, hi\u00e7 hesap yapmadan, f\u00fctursuzca ifade etmek ne kadar do\u011frudur? Solcular\u0131n bir yandan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131rken di\u011fer yandan toplumsal muhalefetin ortak yarar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetmesi en \u00f6nemli sorumluluklar\u0131ndan biridir. Y\u0131llarca \u201csol\u201d ad\u0131na neredeyse g\u00f6\u00e7men d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131p, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa maruz kalan ve ezilen insanlarla sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve samimi bir ili\u015fki kurmadan, onlar\u0131n zaten maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 peki\u015ftirecek bir fikri ifade etmeme sorumlulu\u011fu da sol bir siyasetin g\u00f6revidir. Her hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck gibi, ifade ve bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de bireysel veya kurumsal tatmin ile toplumsal muhalefetin dengesini birlikte g\u00f6zeterek kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tahsin Oygar<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar:<\/i><\/p>\n

http:\/\/web.itu.edu.tr\/~bulu\/favorite_books_files\/dusunce_ozgurlugu.pdf<\/i><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roma_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu<\/i><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xenophanes#cite_note-dl18-8<\/i><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

Burjuvazinin sahneye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u2013 Seren Cami<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Argasdi’nin “\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck” temal\u0131 50. say\u0131s\u0131ndan bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair bir yaz\u0131… Ki\u015filerin istedi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi engellenemez bir \u015feydir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, ki\u015finin deneyimleri, \u00e7e\u015fitli toplumsal ve \u00e7evresel etkiler<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6039,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[40,67,38,9,42,1,39],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6042"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6042"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6042\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6043,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6042\/revisions\/6043"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6039"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6042"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6042"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}