{"id":6506,"date":"2018-12-03T09:47:21","date_gmt":"2018-12-03T07:47:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=6506"},"modified":"2018-12-03T09:47:21","modified_gmt":"2018-12-03T07:47:21","slug":"kapitalizm-krizde-degil-tikir-tikir-isliyor-celal-ozkizan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=6506","title":{"rendered":"Kapitalizm Krizde De\u011fil, T\u0131k\u0131r T\u0131k\u0131r \u0130\u015fliyor! – Celal \u00d6zk\u0131zan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Argasdi dergisinin “Kimin Krizi Kimin F\u0131rsat\u0131?” dosya konulu 52. say\u0131s\u0131ndan bir yaz\u0131… Derginin tamam\u0131n\u0131 Baraka K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi ve Lefko\u015fa, Ma\u011fusa, Omorfo Khora Kitap Cafe’lerden edinebilirsiniz…<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"argasdi<\/a><\/p>\n

Bir g\u00fcn, New York sokaklar\u0131nda Marksist bir ekonomist ile liberal bir ekonomist birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fcmektedirler. Duvar diplerinde \u00e7ok say\u0131da evsiz ki\u015finin ya\u015famakta oldu\u011funu g\u00f6ren liberal ekonomist, Marksist arkada\u015f\u0131na kederle d\u00f6n\u00fcp \u201csistem i\u015flemiyor\u201d der. Marksist ekonomist ise, ac\u0131 bir tebess\u00fcmle liberal arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131n elini tutup \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cG\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn gibi sistem t\u0131k\u0131r t\u0131k\u0131r i\u015fliyor.\u201d<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Kapitalizmin emek\u00e7iler ve do\u011fa \u00fczerindeki y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin binlerce yaz\u0131 yaz\u0131labilir. Ancak bu yaz\u0131da, kapitalizmin i\u015fleyi\u015finin bu t\u00fcrden y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 tamamen g\u00f6zard\u0131 edilip, bu i\u015fleyi\u015fin bizzat kendisine odaklanaca\u011f\u0131z. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kapitalizm, bu t\u00fcrden y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 tamamen unutsak bile, sorunlu bir sistemdir, kendi kendini yiyip bitirir ve kendi var olma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 hayatta tutmakta \u00e7ok zorlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n resmi verilerine g\u00f6re, neoliberalizm \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde (1961-1973) d\u00fcnyadaki toplam ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 %5.5 idi. 1980\u2019lerden beri d\u00fcnyadaki pek \u00e7ok toplumu ele ge\u00e7iren ve kapitalistlerin hakimiyetini \u00e7ok daha sa\u011flam hale getiren neoliberal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftikten sonra ise (1980-2017) d\u00fcnyadaki ekonominin ortalama b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131 %2.87\u2019de kald\u0131. Yani sistem, her \u015fey kapitalistlerden yanayken bile t\u00f6kezlemekte.<\/p>\n

Peki bu neden b\u00f6yle?<\/p>\n

Kapitalizm de dahil olmak \u00fczere her toplumsal bi\u00e7im, do\u011fal ve be\u015feri kaynaklar\u0131n ve sosyal ili\u015fkilerin belirli bir t\u00fcrden bir organizasyonuna dayan\u0131r. Kapitalizmde b\u00fct\u00fcn bu kaynaklar ve ili\u015fkiler, k\u00e2r yapman\u0131n ve metala\u015fman\u0131n (yani i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc bi\u00e7imindeki insanlar da dahil olmak \u00fczere var olan her \u015feyin al\u0131n\u0131p sat\u0131labilir birer \u00fcr\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinin) merkezi rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 piyasa ili\u015fkilerinin i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekilir.<\/p>\n

Kapitalizmde do\u011fal ve toplumsal kaynaklar\u0131n nas\u0131l bir \u00fcretim (ve bununla ili\u015fkili olarak ticaret ve finans) \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, bu kaynaklara sahip olan kapitalistlerin insaf\u0131na kalm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Kapitalistlerin kendileri de, \u201ckapitalist\u201d olarak kalmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in k\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131 maksimuma \u00e7\u0131karmak ve maliyetlerini en aza d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek durumundad\u0131rlar. Bu ise k\u0131yas\u0131ya bir rekabet yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir ve bu rekabetin sonucunda bahsi ge\u00e7en kaynaklar, \u00e7ok daha az elin hakimiyetinde toplan\u0131r. Oxfam\u2019\u0131n verilerine g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyada sadece 8 ki\u015fi, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu servete sahipken, en zengin %1\u2019lik kesim, d\u00fcnyadaki n\u00fcfusun %82\u2019sinin servetine sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Bir sekt\u00f6rde rekabet edip \u00f6ne f\u0131rlayabilmenin (ya da \u00f6ndeyseniz orda kalabilmenin) yolu, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc maliyetlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmektir. Rekabette \u00f6ne f\u0131rlaman\u0131n bir di\u011fer yolu ise teknolojik at\u0131l\u0131mlard\u0131r; ancak bir \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan entegre edilen teknolojik donan\u0131m, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede di\u011fer \u015firketler taraf\u0131ndan da sahiplenildi\u011finden, bu kal\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm de\u011fildir. \u00d6rne\u011fin daktilodan bilgisayara ge\u00e7mi\u015f ilk \u015firketler, k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli\u011fine bundan rekabet avantajlar\u0131 elde etmi\u015fti; ancak bilgisayarlar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015firketleri donatmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Yani kal\u0131c\u0131 tek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc maliyetlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmektir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7eli\u015fki ise tam da burdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc maliyetlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmenin ve verimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 artt\u0131rman\u0131n tek yolu, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc teknolojiyle bulu\u015fturmakt\u0131r. Teknolojinin yerle\u015fmesi ise, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne olan ihtiyac\u0131 azalt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin banka i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in veznedarlar\u0131n de\u011fil atm\u2019lerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131…<\/p>\n

Bu ise \u00fc\u00e7 sonu\u00e7 do\u011furur:<\/p>\n

1 \u2013 \u015eirketler rekabette geriye d\u00fc\u015fmemek i\u00e7in teknolojik donan\u0131mdan ve otomasyondan faydalanmak zorundad\u0131r. Yeni bir teknolojik at\u0131l\u0131m k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli\u011fine ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi tetikler; ancak bir sonraki teknolojik s\u0131\u00e7ray\u0131\u015fa kadar, \u015firketleraras\u0131 rekabeti s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmenin tek yolu i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc maliyetlerini azaltmakt\u0131r. Ancak her teknolojik s\u0131\u00e7ray\u0131\u015fta i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne ihtiya\u00e7 daha da azald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan k\u00e2rlar d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flar. D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131 1950\u2019den 1970\u2019e kadar ortalama olarak %30\u2019larda seyrederken, 1980\u2019lerden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze %20\u2019lere d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

2 \u2013 K\u00e2r oranlar\u0131ndaki bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, sermaye sahiplerinin ellerindeki k\u00e2rlar\u0131 finansal sekt\u00f6rlere aktarmalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Bu, k\u0131sa vadede mant\u0131kl\u0131 bir stratejidir, zira finansal sekt\u00f6rde muazzam gelirler elde edilebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Apple firmas\u0131 \u00f6nceleri yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 teknolojik yat\u0131r\u0131mlarla kendi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ciddi ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeleri tetiklemi\u015fti. Ancak Apple\u2019\u0131n sahipleri, bir s\u00fcredir, elde ettikleri k\u00e2rlar\u0131 teknolojik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar i\u00e7in kullanmak yerine, Apple \u015firketinin hisse senetlerini d\u00f6n\u00fcp sat\u0131n almak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131yor ki \u015firketin hisseleri borsada de\u011ferlensin. Ancak finansal sekt\u00f6r, k\u00e2r elde edilen \u00fcretken bir sekt\u00f6r de\u011fil, aksine, zaten halihaz\u0131rda yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00e2rlar\u0131n (ve zenginli\u011fin) el de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir sekt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan zenginlik \u00fcretken ve k\u00e2rl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlere aktar\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 yava\u015flar, durgunluk ba\u015flar, istihdam olanaklar\u0131 azal\u0131r ve genel anlamda k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n

3 \u2013 Durgunluk ise talebi azalt\u0131r, al\u0131mg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr, i\u015fsizli\u011fi artt\u0131r\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece kapitalist firmalar, \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini ve hizmetlerini satmakta daha da zorlan\u0131rlar, daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeler iflas eder, kaynaklar bu sefer daha da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n elinde toplan\u0131r, ancak bu daha da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck az\u0131nl\u0131k, s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz bu d\u00f6ng\u00fc sebebiyle, ayn\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 tekrar tekrar ya\u015far.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Kapitalizmin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 politik bir m\u00fccadeledir, kriz ise kaptalizmin do\u011fas\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cKapitalizm krize girip y\u0131k\u0131lacak\u201d diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler ve sistem i\u00e7inde at\u0131lan her ad\u0131m\u0131 burun k\u0131v\u0131r\u0131p k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyerek \u201cdevrim\u201di bekleyenler kapitalizmin zaten bir \u201ckriz sistemi\u201d oldu\u011funu, yani krizin asl\u0131nda kapitalizmin i\u015fleyi\u015finin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu, \u201cbir g\u00fcn gelecek\u201d ya da \u201carada bir gelen\u201d bir \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelidirler. M\u00fccadele \u015fu andad\u0131r ve her yerdedir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kapitalizm, \u015fu andad\u0131r ve her yerdedir.<\/p>\n

Celal \u00d6zk\u0131zan<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Argasdi dergisinin “Kimin Krizi Kimin F\u0131rsat\u0131?” dosya konulu 52. say\u0131s\u0131ndan bir yaz\u0131… Derginin tamam\u0131n\u0131 Baraka K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi ve Lefko\u015fa, Ma\u011fusa, Omorfo Khora Kitap Cafe’lerden edinebilirsiniz…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6507,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,38,9,42,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/argasdi-image.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-1GW","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6506"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6506"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6506\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6508,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6506\/revisions\/6508"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6507"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6506"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6506"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6506"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}