{"id":6595,"date":"2019-01-24T15:11:21","date_gmt":"2019-01-24T13:11:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=6595"},"modified":"2019-01-24T15:11:21","modified_gmt":"2019-01-24T13:11:21","slug":"uc-kurusluk-opera-aziz-guven","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=6595","title":{"rendered":"\u00dc\u00e7 Kuru\u015fluk Opera- AZ\u0130Z G\u00dcVEN"},"content":{"rendered":"

Baraka K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi’nin 3 ayda bir yay\u0131nlanan K\u00fclt\u00fcr-Sanat ve Politika dergisi Argasdi’de bu say\u0131 dosya konusu Bertolt Brecht… Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck ustay\u0131 ve adeta bir devrim yaratan 3 kuru\u015fluk operas\u0131n\u0131 okumaya ne dersiniz? Argasdi’ye 10 TL kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Baraka K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi’nden, Khora Kitapevlerinden ve t\u00fcm gazete bayiilerden ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"14317636-0050451\"<\/a>16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, ana yurdu olan \u0130talya\u2019da ve R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca merkezlerinden biri olan Floransa\u2019da baz\u0131 m\u00fczisyen ve \u015fairlerin bir araya gelerek eski Yunan oyunlar\u0131na benzer eserler yazmak istemelerinden do\u011fan opera sanat\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel geli\u015fim s\u00fcrecine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman, temalar\u0131n\u0131 genellikle tarih, efsaneler ve mitolojinin olu\u015fturdu\u011funu, bu temalar\u0131n ise \u00e7o\u011funlukla kahraman fig\u00fcrleri ve kahramanl\u0131k hikayeleri ile i\u015flendi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Sonralar\u0131nda kapitalizmin ve burjuvazinin geli\u015fmesi ile birlikte \u201cg\u00f6zde\u201d haline gelecek olan opera sanat\u0131, yeni a\u00e7\u0131lacak binalar\u0131 ve burjuvazi i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lacak aryalar\u0131 ile para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlenebilecek olan, halktan kopuk ve sadece egemenlerin fikirlerini yans\u0131tacak \u015fekilde sahnelenen bir \u015fekil alacakt\u0131r. K\u0131sa zamanda 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130talyan operas\u0131n\u0131n merkezi olmaya ba\u015flayan Napoli\u2019den Avrupa\u2019ya yay\u0131lacak olan bu sanat, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la gelindi\u011finde ise en b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmeyi g\u00f6sterecektir.<\/p>\n

Operay\u0131 Alt\u00fcst Eden Opera <\/b><\/p>\n

\u201cBayanlar, baylar! Kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131zda art\u0131k yok olmaya y\u00fcz tutmu\u015f bir z\u00fcmrenin, yok olup gidecek bir \u00f6rne\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsunuz. Biz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva zanaatkarlar, elinde masum bir maymuncukla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck esnaf\u0131n nikel kasalar\u0131na yeltenen bizler, bankalar\u0131n destekledi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan yutulmaktay\u0131z. Bir maymuncuk, hisse senetlerinin yan\u0131nda nedir ki? Bir banka soymak, bir banka a\u00e7man\u0131n yan\u0131nda ne ki? Adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek, adam\u0131 memuriyete mahkum etmenin yan\u0131nda ne ki?<\/i>\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte, John Gay ve Christoph Pebusch\u2019un 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130ngiliz Balad operas\u0131 olan \u201cDilenciler <\/i>Operas\u0131\u201dndan uyarlanan Bertolt Brecht\u2019in \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 Kuru\u015fluk Operas\u0131\u201dn\u0131n tarihe ge\u00e7en en \u00fcnl\u00fc repli\u011fi\u2026<\/p>\n

20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en etkili Alman \u015fairi, oyun yazar\u0131, tiyatro y\u00f6netmeni olan ve epik tiyatronun da kurucular\u0131ndan say\u0131lan Bertolt Brecht\u2019in say\u0131s\u0131z eseri aras\u0131nda bug\u00fcne de\u011fin \u00f6nemini hi\u00e7 kaybetmeyenlerinden: \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 Kuru\u015fluk Opera\u201d\u2026 Orijinal ad\u0131 \u201cDie Dreigroschenoper<\/i>\u201d olan ve Kurt Weill taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcziklerinin bestelendi\u011fi bu m\u00fczikal tiyatro oyunu, ayn\u0131 zamanda epik tiyatro t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn de ilk \u00f6rneklerinden. \u0130lk kez 31 A\u011fustos 1928 tarihinde Berlin\u2019deki Theater am Schiffbauerdamm\u2019da sahnelenen \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 Kuru\u015fluk Opera\u201d, ideolojik anlamdaki yeni tarz\u0131 ve s\u00f6z\u00fc ile genel olarak operan\u0131n do\u011fdu\u011fu ve tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde ge\u00e7irmi\u015f oldu\u011fu evrelerine ait \u00f6rneklerine k\u0131yasla b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131k ve \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bertolt Brecht\u2019in sanata ve \u00f6zellikle de tiyatroya bak\u0131\u015f\u0131, onun d\u00fcnyaya dair sahip oldu\u011fu fikirlerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmamakla birlikte, bug\u00fcn kom\u00fcnist ve sava\u015f kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir fig\u00fcr olarak da an\u0131lmakta olan Brecht\u2019in erken d\u00f6nem eserlerinden itibaren d\u00fcnyaya dair g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri zaman i\u00e7erisinde de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131nda kendi i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na kapanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k, karamsarl\u0131k, \u00e7aresizlik ve nihilizm ile karakterize olan ve insan\u0131 edilgen bir varl\u0131k olarak yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserleri, maddi temelini \u015f\u00fcphesiz ki ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde kapitalizmin her alanda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaos ortam\u0131ndan alm\u0131\u015f; 1. Payla\u015f\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u015fiddetini art\u0131ran karamsarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve umutsuzlu\u011fun r\u00fczgar\u0131 ise adeta kara bulutlar\u0131 d\u00f6nemin sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ve eserlerinin \u00fczerine getirmi\u015ftir. Daha sonralar\u0131 politik tiyatronun kurucusu olan Piscator\u2019dan etkilenerek i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kendini ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karacak olan materyalist d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile tan\u0131\u015fan Brecht, art\u0131k eserlerinde Marksizmin s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yleyecek, kapitalist d\u00fcnyaya Marksist bir ele\u015ftiri getirece\u011fi \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 Kuru\u015fluk Opera\u201ds\u0131 ile de geleneksel anlamdaki opera sanat\u0131n\u0131 alt \u00fcst edecektir.<\/p>\n

Tarihin, efsanelerin, mitolojinin ve kahramanl\u0131k temalar\u0131n\u0131n aksine r\u00fc\u015fvetin, yolsuzlu\u011fun h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00e7a\u011fd\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir Viktorya d\u00f6nemi Londra\u2019s\u0131nda, ahlaki a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f, su\u00e7lu bir anti-kahramana odaklanan \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 Kuru\u015fluk Opera\u201d, Pebusch\u2019un \u201cDilenciler Operas\u0131\u201dndan uyarlanarak dilenciler operas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil tam da dilenciler i\u00e7in operay\u0131 ifade etmektedir. \u0130lk kez Berlin\u2019de sahneleni\u015finin ard\u0131ndan oyuna bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 tonda tepki g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Harika oldu\u011funu ifade edenler oldu\u011fu gibi muhafazakar ve milliyet\u00e7i \u00e7evreler taraf\u0131ndan ise ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z bulunmu\u015ftur. Bi\u00e7imsel olarak genelin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile do\u011frudan g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan oyun i\u00e7in belki de s\u00f6ylenebilecek en \u00f6nemli \u015fey, oyunun sadece bir grup uzman, elit az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n anlayabilece\u011fi tonda olmayan, \u201cherkes i\u00e7in tiyatro\u201d mant\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir tarz ile seyircisiyle aras\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm engelleri ortadan kald\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yeni bir tarz olarak \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n konusunu olu\u015fturan Brecht\u2019in epik tiyatro anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, geleneksel opera anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n giderek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulamamas\u0131n\u0131 ve ileride yok olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak devrimci bir a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ezilenlerden yana s\u00f6yleyen, halk i\u00e7in halkla birlikte yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi sanat alan\u0131ndaki bu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n devrimci potansiyeli de hayalini kurdu\u011fumuz ba\u015fka bir d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. Brecht\u2019in denemekten ve ele\u015ftirmekten \u00e7ekinmeyen devrimci sanat\u0131 bug\u00fcn\u00fcn devrimcilerine ve sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na ilham ve cesaret verecek niteliktedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kaynaklar:<\/i><\/p>\n

1-https:\/\/ www.eksisozluk.com<\/i><\/p>\n

2-https:\/\/ www.wikipedia.org<\/i><\/p>\n

3-https:\/\/ www.aydinlik.com.tr<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Baraka K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi’nin 3 ayda bir yay\u0131nlanan K\u00fclt\u00fcr-Sanat ve Politika dergisi Argasdi’de bu say\u0131 dosya konusu Bertolt Brecht… Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck ustay\u0131 ve adeta bir devrim<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":6596,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,44,9,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/14317636-0050451.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-1In","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6595"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6595"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6595\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6597,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6595\/revisions\/6597"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6596"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6595"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6595"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6595"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}