{"id":6598,"date":"2019-01-29T15:04:50","date_gmt":"2019-01-29T13:04:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=6598"},"modified":"2019-01-29T15:04:50","modified_gmt":"2019-01-29T13:04:50","slug":"ben-bir-oyun-yazariyim-bertolt-brecht-sezgin-keser","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=6598","title":{"rendered":"\u201cBen Bir Oyun Yazar\u0131y\u0131m\u201d Bertolt Brecht- Sezgin Keser"},"content":{"rendered":"

Argasdi’nin 53. say\u0131s\u0131nda, Brecht’in bizlere miras b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserlerinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak m\u00fccadelemizde sanat\u0131n bize nas\u0131l yol g\u00f6sterici olabilece\u011fini anlatan makalemizi Sezgin Keskin’in kaleminden sizlere aktar\u0131yoruz. Argasdi en yak\u0131n gazete bayinizde…<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cKentlere huzursuzluk d\u00f6neminde indim,<\/i>\"brecht2\"<\/a>
\nA\u00e7l\u0131k kol gezerken.
\n\u0130nsanlar aras\u0131na \u00e7alkant\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131m
\nVe onlarla birlikte \u00f6fkelendim.
\nB\u00f6yle ge\u00e7ti yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde
\nBana verilen \u00f6mr\u00fcm\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

Brecht hayat\u0131 boyunca i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131k, adaletsiz ve bozuk d\u00fczeni sorgulam\u0131\u015f, sistemin ve toplumun ele\u015ftirisini yapmaktan hi\u00e7 \u00e7ekinmemi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc zamanla de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011frayan biri\u00a0 olarak, yeri geldi\u011finde kendi i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 yeri geldi\u011finde de\u00a0 politik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini tiyatro oyunlar\u0131nda, \u015fiirlerinde, hikayelerinde yani t\u00fcm eserlerinde yans\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bertolt Brecht gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok, insan\u0131n \u00e7aresizli\u011finden bahseder. Karamsar bir tutumdad\u0131r.D\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, bilimsel bir temelde de\u011fil duygusal bir temeldedir.\u0130nsan\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczen i\u00e7erisinde bir de\u011fi\u015fim yaratmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayan edilgen bir varl\u0131k olarak eserlerinde g\u00f6sterir. Burada g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi asl\u0131nda Brecht\u2019in gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00fclkesi Almanya\u2019n\u0131n politik ve toplumsal durumununun insanlarda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 nihilist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncedir. 1800\u2019lerin sonunda kapitalizm Almanya\u2019da yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kapitalist d\u00fczenin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sanayile\u015fme, i\u015fsizlik, kentte ya\u015fayan n\u00fcfusun art\u0131\u015f\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i kesiminin uzun saatlerce \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, emek\u00e7i halk\u0131n politik d\u00fczeyde g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fc\u00e7lenmeye ba\u015flayan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in burjuvazi ve \u00fclke y\u00f6neticileri bir araya gelmi\u015f ve halkla sosyalistlerin aras\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Halk\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bask\u0131 olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Ard\u0131ndan emperyalist \u00fclkelerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 1. Payla\u015f\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kaybeden Almanya\u2019da ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f ve bir kaos ortam\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum yeteri kadar s\u0131n\u0131fsal ve tarihsel bilinci olmayan halkta umutsuzlu\u011fa ve \u00e7aresizli\u011fe yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve halk\u0131yla ayn\u0131 duygularda olan Brecht de o d\u00f6nemin bir\u00e7ok sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 gibi eserlerinde bu umutsuzlu\u011fu ve nihilizmi yans\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda daha hen\u00fcz Marksist g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe sahip olmayan Brecht sosyalist devrim yolunda Spartekist Birli\u011fi\u2019ni kuran Liebknecht ve Rosa Luxemburg\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan \u201cGece \u00c7alan Davullar\u201d ad\u0131nda bir oyun yazar. Oyunun ba\u015f karakteri, Berlin proleteryas\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi isyana kat\u0131lmak yerine sevgilisinin yan\u0131nda kalmay\u0131 tercih eder. Oyun halk taraf\u0131ndan tepki g\u00f6r\u00fcr fakat burjuvazinin dikkatini \u00e7eker ve bir edebiyat \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc olan Kleist \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc al\u0131r. Burjuva bir ailenin i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fcyen Brecht lise y\u0131llar\u0131nda kendi s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ba\u015f kald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u0131llar sonra yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu oyunla ise ba\u015f kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n olumlu tepkisini al\u0131r. Hen\u00fcz fikirsel olarak d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn oturmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserlerindeki i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fc ve duygusal temele odaklan\u0131\u015f\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131t oldu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ho\u015funa gidecek bir oyun yazm\u0131\u015f gibi durmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda bu oyunda Brecht, devrim u\u011fruna m\u00fccadele vermektense i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcleriyle hareket eden, d\u00fcnyaya kar\u015f\u0131 kay\u0131ts\u0131z ve ilgisiz bireyi ele\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

Bir insan\u0131n ki\u015fili\u011finin ve fikrinin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu toplumla etkile\u015fim i\u00e7erisinde de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011frayabilece\u011fini Bertolt Brech\u2019te g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. \u0130\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu karamsar ve anar\u015fist tutumu gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki \u00fclkesinin yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r.1930\u2019lu y\u0131llara geldi\u011fimizde ise Brecht bu anar\u015fist ve i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcsel d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden bilimsel, ele\u015ftirel ve disiplinli bir politik fikriyata ba\u011flanarak kurtulur. Bu d\u00f6nemde fa\u015fizme kar\u015f\u0131 sanat\u0131yla m\u00fccadele eden ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 tiyatroyla politik ba\u011flamda birle\u015ftirmenin ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 atan politik tiyatronun kurucusu Piscator\u2019dan da etkilenen Brecht maddeci d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc benimser ve Marksist bir sanat\u00e7\u0131 olma yoluna girer. Marksizimle bulu\u015fan Brecht epik tiyatroyu kurar ve oyunlar\u0131n\u0131 toplumsal ele\u015ftiriyle yazmaya ba\u015flar. Kapitalizmin bozulmu\u015f d\u00fczenini, insan\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 ezerek, d\u00f6verek, aldatarak ya\u015fayabilece\u011fi bir\u00a0 duruma getirdi\u011fini eserlerinde anlat\u0131r. Eserlerinde i\u015f\u00e7ilere, \u00fcretenlere, ezilenlere yer vermeye ba\u015flar. Gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki karamsarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yerini Marksizimle beraber umut, salt sistem ele\u015ftirisinin yerini de yeni bir d\u00fczenin inanc\u0131 ve savunuculu\u011fu alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Almanya\u2019da ye\u015ferip g\u00fc\u00e7lenmeye ba\u015flayan Nazi g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin kara listesine giren Brecht \u00fclkesinden ayr\u0131l\u0131r. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn y\u0131llar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelere giden Brecht\u2019in bu y\u0131llarda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 oyunlar\u0131nda diyalekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Ak\u0131l ve duygu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 eserlerinde yans\u0131t\u0131r. Duygunun insan\u0131n iyi yan\u0131 oldu\u011funu fakat onu y\u0131k\u0131ma g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, akl\u0131n ise insan\u0131n bu bozuk d\u00fczende d\u00fczene ayak uydurarak hayatta kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. \u201cYazar, do\u011fru bir d\u00fczenin gelmesiyle bu ak\u0131l-duygu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n yok edilece\u011fine ve her ikisinin (ak\u0131l-duygu) dengeli bir bi\u00e7imde birbirini destekleyece\u011fine inan\u0131r.\u201d(1)<\/p>\n

Kom\u00fcnist bir sanat\u00e7\u0131 olan Brecht hayat\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir evresinde, ne kendi \u00fclkesinde ne de s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu y\u0131llarda kom\u00fcnist bir partiye \u00fcye olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta Amerika\u2019da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llarda Kom\u00fcnist Partiye \u00fcye olmakla su\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Brecht bu su\u00e7lamay\u0131 reddetmi\u015f, \u00a0hi\u00e7bir kom\u00fcnist partinin \u00fcyesini olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Brecht\u2019in hi\u00e7bir partiye \u00fcye olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kesin bir nedenini bilmiyorsak da tahmin y\u00fcr\u00fctebiliriz. Bir siyasi partiye \u00fcye olman\u0131n sanat hayat\u0131nda partinin istekleri ve belirledikleri do\u011frultusunda sanat\u0131n\u0131 yapmak zorunda kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve de yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olabilir. B\u00f6yle bir sebep olas\u0131 olsa da bir yandan da Brecht i\u00e7in tutars\u0131z bir durum yarat\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Brecht s\u00fcrg\u00fcnden \u00f6nceki y\u0131llar\u0131nda yani Marksizmi benimsedi\u011fi ilk y\u0131llarda Marksizmin yarat\u0131c\u0131 yan\u0131ndan ve ele\u015ftirel y\u00f6n\u00fcnden etkilendi\u011fini dile getirmi\u015ftir. Kom\u00fcnist bir partiye \u00fcye olmas\u0131 sanat\u0131n\u0131 ve yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamayabilir aksine geni\u015fletebilir ve geli\u015ftirebilirdi de.<\/p>\n

Brecht\u2019in bize miras b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserlerinde ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca fa\u015fizme, kapitalizme kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadelesini ve direni\u015fini g\u00f6rebilir, toplumsal ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ili\u011fini, a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, toplumcu bir devrime inan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve sanatsal dehas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rnek alabilir, bug\u00fcn halen kapitalist d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fimiz m\u00fccadelede sanat\u0131n bize nas\u0131l \u0131\u015f\u0131k olabilece\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenebiliriz.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kaynaklar <\/i><\/p>\n

(1)<\/i> https:\/\/www.aydinlik.com.tr\/kose-yazilari\/ozdemir-nutku\/2016-aralik\/brecht-in-kisiligi-uzerine<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 https:\/\/dunyalilar.org\/bir-yasam-ustasi-bertolt-brecht.html\/<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Argasdi’nin 53. say\u0131s\u0131nda, Brecht’in bizlere miras b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserlerinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak m\u00fccadelemizde sanat\u0131n bize nas\u0131l yol g\u00f6sterici olabilece\u011fini anlatan makalemizi Sezgin Keskin’in kaleminden sizlere aktar\u0131yoruz. Argasdi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":6599,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,44,9,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/brecht2.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-1Iq","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6598"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6598"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6598\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6600,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6598\/revisions\/6600"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6598"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6598"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}