{"id":6900,"date":"2019-06-07T09:47:24","date_gmt":"2019-06-07T07:47:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=6900"},"modified":"2019-06-07T12:28:14","modified_gmt":"2019-06-07T10:28:14","slug":"ezelden-ebede-adalet-tahsin-oygar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=6900","title":{"rendered":"Ezelden Ebede Adalet? – Tahsin Oygar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Argasdi dergimizin 54. say\u0131s\u0131ndan, adaletin ge\u00e7mi\u015fini, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc ve gelece\u011fini sorgulayan bir yaz\u0131…<\/em><\/p>\n

Yeni bir tema ile yeni say\u0131m\u0131z Temmuz’da t\u00fcm market ve Khora kitabevlerinde…<\/em><\/p>\n

\"hammurabi-2_900x600-900x580\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Genelde en \u00e7ok bilinen ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 hukuk kurallar\u0131, \u00a0M\u00d6 1793<\/a>–M\u00d6 1750<\/a>\u00a0y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Babil kral\u0131 olan Hamurabi\u2019ninkiler olarak \u00e7\u0131kar kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za. En \u00e7ok bilinen oldu\u011fu do\u011frudur. Fakat ilk oldu\u011fu yanl\u0131\u015f. Bug\u00fcne kadar bulunmu\u015f en eski hukuk kurallar\u0131 M\u00d6 2400\u2019lerde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f S\u00fcmerlerin Laga\u015f Kral\u0131 Urukagina\u2019n\u0131n kurallar\u0131d\u0131r. O d\u00f6nemdeki kent devletlerden biri olan Laga\u015f\u2019ta h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olan Urukagina tar\u0131ma olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nem veriyor ve bu alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in bir dizi kurallar geli\u015ftiriyordu. Bunlardan en \u00e7ok bilineni \u201cTarla, s\u00fcrenin; hayvan sa\u011fan\u0131nd\u0131r\u201d kural\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kuralla Urukagina, bir \u00e7e\u015fit \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyeti devreye alarak verimlili\u011fi art\u0131rmay\u0131 planl\u0131yordu. Urukagina kendi y\u00f6netiminin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmak ve tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc azaltmak i\u00e7in tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 vergileri de bu kurallar ile azalt\u0131yordu. Urukagina\u2019dan yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015f y\u00fcz y\u0131l sonra kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za Hamurabi kanunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Hamurabi krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi, toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131 geli\u015ftirip polis te\u015fkilat\u0131na benzer yap\u0131lar olu\u015fturdu ayr\u0131ca ilkel bir posta sistemi kurdurttu. \u201cK\u0131sasa k\u0131sas\u201d, \u201cg\u00f6ze g\u00f6z, di\u015fe di\u015f\u201d yasalar\u0131 diye an\u0131lan bu kurallar sonralar\u0131 Tevrat ve \u015feriatta da gerek benzerlik gerekse mant\u0131k anlam\u0131nda tekrardan kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcn hala radikal \u0130slami anlay\u0131\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan savunulmakta olanlar\u0131 bile vard\u0131r. O zamanlar Shamash\u2019inin (S\u00fcmer mitolojisinde Utu tanr\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen tanr\u0131; adalet tanr\u0131s\u0131 olarak da bilinir.) bizzat kendisine bu 282 kural\u0131 iletti\u011fini iddia eden Hamurabi bu kurallar\u0131 ac\u0131mas\u0131zca uygulatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kurallardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle; \u201cG\u00f6z \u00e7\u0131karan\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ls\u0131n, di\u015f k\u0131ran\u0131n di\u015fi k\u0131r\u0131ls\u0131n, ameliyatta hastan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olan doktorun ve hastan\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc k\u00f6r eden doktorun parmaklar\u0131 kesilsin, babas\u0131na vuran evlad\u0131n parmaklar\u0131 kesilsin.\u201d \u00a0Y\u00f6netim taraf\u0131ndan alt tabaka ve \u00fcst tabaka diye s\u0131n\u0131flara ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f toplumsal yap\u0131da kurallar tabakalara g\u00f6re de de\u011fi\u015febilmekte idi. \u00d6rne\u011fin insan\u0131n di\u015fini k\u0131ran\u0131n di\u015fi k\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r, fakat bu su\u00e7 daha alt tabakadan bir insana kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenirse, o zaman \u00fcst tabakadan insan sadece para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r! B\u00f6ylece adalet tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Hamurabi\u2019ye \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 altlardan biraz daha fazla kollayan kurallar f\u0131s\u0131ldad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda da tanr\u0131lar f\u0131s\u0131ldamaya devam ediyor<\/b><\/p>\n

Mesela silah tanr\u0131s\u0131, ABD\u2019de makineli t\u00fcfek kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yasalarla serbest b\u0131rakmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015f y\u00f6netenlere. Do\u011fan\u0131n tanr\u0131s\u0131 ise \u0130ngiltere\u2019de t\u00fcm \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin krali\u00e7eye ait oldu\u011funu f\u0131s\u0131ldam\u0131\u015f. Bundan dolay\u0131 park ve kamusal alanlarda \u00e7\u0131kan yabani bir \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fin bile kesilmesi yasak. Hangi tanr\u0131 bilmiyorum Fransa\u2019da bir domuza Napolyon ismini vermeyi yasaklam\u0131\u015f. Terzi tanr\u0131 Tayland\u2019da i\u00e7 \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r\u0131 giymeden dola\u015fmay\u0131 yasaklarken, \u0130spanya\u2019da ise \u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u00e7\u0131plak dola\u015fmay\u0131 yasal hale getiren bir ba\u015fka tanr\u0131 m\u0131 var acaba? Banglade\u015f\u2019te s\u0131navlarda kopya \u00e7ekmeyi yasaklayan \u00f6\u011fretmen tanr\u0131 \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de gece saat 22:00\u2019den sonra kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k alanlarda erkeklerin ayakta i\u015femesinin yasaklanmas\u0131 ile ilgisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 f\u0131s\u0131ldam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131\u00e7lar da f\u0131s\u0131ldar<\/b><\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcnlerde bizim kktc\u2019de \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimde \u00e7ok \u015fa\u015f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u015fey ise; adaleti sa\u011flayan, yarg\u0131ya y\u00f6n veren yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n nas\u0131l se\u00e7ildi\u011fi idi. \u201cBa\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z\u201d kktc yarg\u0131s\u0131 yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 hangi kriterlere g\u00f6re nas\u0131l se\u00e7iyor biliyor musunuz? Hukuk bilgisini ve adalet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7en ve f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011fini sa\u011flayan yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir s\u0131navla m\u0131? Hay\u0131r. S\u00f6yleyeyim; var olan yarg\u0131\u00e7lar olas\u0131 yarg\u0131\u00e7 aday\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri avukatlar\u0131n kula\u011f\u0131na \u201cyarg\u0131\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa ba\u015fvurursan\u0131z se\u00e7ileceksiniz.\u201d diye f\u0131s\u0131ld\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

\u201cAdaletin gev\u015feyen vidalar\u0131n\u0131 su\u00e7 tornavidas\u0131yla s\u0131kars\u0131n!\u201d\u00a0 <\/b><\/p>\n

Adalet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 hem tarihsel hem de ulusal ve co\u011frafi d\u00fczlemlerde farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6steriyor. Adalet mevzusunu ele al\u0131rken belli bir d\u00f6nemde var olan s\u0131n\u0131f ili\u015fkileri ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 ile hep ili\u015fkilendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi en do\u011fru yakla\u015f\u0131m gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Ebedi, do\u011fru ve evrensel bir adalet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n

Engels \u015f\u00f6yle diyor; \u201cEkonomik durum temeldir, ama \u00fcst yap\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik unsurlar\u0131 \u2013 s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin politik bi\u00e7imleri ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u2013 kazan\u0131lan muharebeden sonra kazanan s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n belirledi\u011fi anayasa \u2013 hukuk bi\u00e7imleri ve hatta b\u00fct\u00fcn bu ger\u00e7ek m\u00fccadelelerin taraflar\u0131n beyinlerine yans\u0131mas\u0131, politika, hukuk ve felsefe teorileri, dini d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ve bunlar\u0131n dogma sistemlere evrimi tarihsel m\u00fccadelelerin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkide bulunuyorlar ve bir\u00e7ok durumda bu m\u00fccadelelerin bi\u00e7imini belirliyorlar.\u201d <\/i>\u00a0Buradan yola \u00e7\u0131karsak kapitalizmin adaletliyim iddias\u0131n\u0131n, kendi ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde adaletli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmak\/g\u00f6stermek, politik bir m\u00fccadele y\u00f6ntemi olarak kapitalizmin ele\u015ftirisi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir ve de etkilidir. Bize f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011fi gibi sunulan yasalar\u0131n asl\u0131nda sadece belli bir s\u0131n\u0131fa hizmet etti\u011fini ve g\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda en iyi yasan\u0131n bile s\u0131n\u0131fsal s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterebiliriz. Fakat bu yap\u0131l\u0131rken ger\u00e7ek adalet \u015fudur, budur gibi evrensel bir anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 savunmak m\u00fccadeleyi ba\u011flam\u0131ndan koparaca\u011f\u0131 gibi sizi gelece\u011fin toplumunun kahinli\u011fine soyunan bir konuma yerle\u015ftirir. Su\u00e7 ve adalet birbirleri olmadan var olamazlar. Herakleitos \u201cE\u011fer adaletsizlik olmasayd\u0131 adaletin ismini bilmezlerdi\u201d<\/i> der ve Igor Jaguar, Murat Mente\u015f\u2019in Antika Titanik kitab\u0131nda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir mafya babas\u0131, bak\u0131n ne diyor; \u201cAdaletin gev\u015feyen vidalar\u0131n\u0131 su\u00e7 tornavidas\u0131yla s\u0131kars\u0131n!\u201d <\/i><\/p>\n

Karl Marx\u2019a kulak verecek olursak; \u201cBayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131za tutucu \u2018adil bir i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7in adil bir i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fccreti\u2019 \u015fiar\u0131 yerine devrimci \u2018Kahrolsun \u00dccret Sistemi\u2019 slogan\u0131n\u0131 yazmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.\u201d <\/i><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tahsin Oygar<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

tahsinoygar@yahoo.com<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/i><\/p>\n

Tarih S\u00fcmer\u2019de Ba\u015flar \u2013Samuel Noah Kramer<\/i><\/p>\n

Antika Titanik \u2013 Murat Mente\u015f<\/i><\/p>\n

https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heraklitos<\/i><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.praksis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/010-11.pdf<\/i><\/p>\n

https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hammurabi<\/i><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.teorivepolitika.net\/index.php\/arsiv\/item\/366-marxin-ahlaki-realizmi<\/i><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.microdestek.com.tr\/dunyanin-en-ilginc-yasalari.html<\/i><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber-detay\/karl-marx-kapitalist-somuru-ve-adalet-kavrami-200939.html<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Argasdi dergimizin 54. say\u0131s\u0131ndan, adaletin ge\u00e7mi\u015fini, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc ve gelece\u011fini sorgulayan bir yaz\u0131… Yeni bir tema ile yeni say\u0131m\u0131z Temmuz’da t\u00fcm market ve Khora kitabevlerinde… Genelde<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6896,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,38,9,42,1],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/hammurabi-2_900x600-900x580.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-1Ni","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6900"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6900"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6900\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6904,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6900\/revisions\/6904"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}