{"id":6949,"date":"2019-07-15T10:19:17","date_gmt":"2019-07-15T08:19:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=6949"},"modified":"2019-07-15T10:19:17","modified_gmt":"2019-07-15T08:19:17","slug":"devlet-aklindan-hukuk-devletine-cansu-n-nazli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=6949","title":{"rendered":"Devlet Akl\u0131ndan Hukuk Devletine – Cansu N. Nazl\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Argasdi’mizin “\u00c7ocukluk” temal\u0131 yeni say\u0131s\u0131 bayilerdeki yerini alm\u0131\u015fken, <\/b><\/em><\/p>\n

“Adalet” temal\u0131 eski(meyen) say\u0131m\u0131zdan bir yaz\u0131y\u0131 sizlerle payla\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u00a0<\/b><\/em><\/p>\n

\"argasdi<\/a>
\n<\/b><\/p>\n

Toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131za ismen girmese de, cismen varl\u0131k g\u00f6steren bir olgudur Devlet Akl\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden ilk duydu\u011funuzda yabanc\u0131 gelse de, basit\u00e7e tan\u0131mlay\u0131p \u00f6rneklendirince hemen tan\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir tutuma kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir.<\/p>\n

Devlet Akl\u0131, \u00fcst\u00fcn otoritenin (yani devletin) \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn di\u011fer bireysel, toplumsal veya ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlardan ve temel etik ilkelerden \u00f6nce geldi\u011fi \u015feklindeki bir tasavvur(1) olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Daha basit ifade edecek olursak, burada devletin somut bir tehdit olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u2018genel refah\u2019 yahut \u2018kamusal g\u00fcvenlik\u2019 i\u00e7in temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerden taviz vermesini me\u015fru k\u0131lan bir anlay\u0131\u015f s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

MOBESE Yasas\u0131\u2026<\/b><\/p>\n

Hat\u0131rlayacaks\u0131n\u0131z, 2018\u2019in yaz aylar\u0131nda medyan\u0131n da kriminal haberleri \u015fi\u015firmesiyle toplum i\u00e7erisinde g\u00fcvenlik kayg\u0131s\u0131 yarat\u0131larak Ekim ay\u0131nda Kent G\u00fcvenlik Y\u00f6netim Sistemi Yasas\u0131 nam\u0131 di\u011fer Dikizleme Yasas\u0131 Meclis\u2019ten ge\u00e7irilmi\u015fti. Su\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6nlemekteki etkisi olduk\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olan MOBESE sisteminin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesiyle, \u2018kamusal g\u00fcvenlik\u2019 ad\u0131na Devlet taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6zetlenecek olmam\u0131z Devlet Akl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131za tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z bir yans\u0131mas\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n

Siyasi Davalar\u2026<\/b><\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte G\u00f6\u00e7 Yasas\u0131 eyleminde ve yak\u0131n zamanda hayvanc\u0131lar\u0131n eyleminde Polisin kimyasal silah niteli\u011fi olan biber gaz\u0131 kullanmas\u0131, gerek 19 Temmuz protestosunda gerekse CAS \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n Ercan \u00f6n\u00fcndeki bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l g\u00f6sterilerinde polisin fiziksel \u015fiddet uygulamas\u0131 Devlet Akl\u0131n\u0131n kolluk kuvvetleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sergiledi\u011fi performanslard\u0131r. Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc Hakk\u0131 gibi anayasal bir hakk\u0131n yurtta\u015flarca kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 bile bu zihniyete g\u00f6re devletin bekas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir tehdit olu\u015fturdu\u011fundan m\u00fcdahale gerektirmektedir. Keza, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda Huzur Operasyonu ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00c7evik Kuvvetin yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencileri potansiyel su\u00e7lu addederek Ma\u011fusa sokaklar\u0131nda yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6vde g\u00f6sterisi de \u2018kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u2019 kisvesiyle sivil haklar\u0131n gasp edildi\u011fi uygulamalara \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n

Hukuka Ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u0130dari Eylemlerin Yarg\u0131lanmamas\u0131\u2026<\/b><\/p>\n

G\u00f6\u00e7 Yasas\u0131 eylemleri, 19 Temmuz eylemi, CAS eylemi vb. bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l eylemler esnas\u0131nda polisin temel haklar\u0131 gasp eden ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ilkesini ihlal eden m\u00fcdahalesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Hukuk Devleti olma iddias\u0131ndaki bir devlette Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n tutumunun bu hak ihlallerini ve yetki a\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren kolluk kuvveti aleyhine soru\u015fturma\/ kovu\u015fturma ba\u015flatmas\u0131n\u0131 beklersiniz. Ancak bu olaylardan sonar bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k \u015fiddet uygulayan Polise de\u011fil, \u015fiddete maruz kalan eylemciler aleyhine polisi g\u00f6revinden men, polisi darp, kasti hasar vb. su\u00e7lardan \u00e7e\u015fitli davalar getirmi\u015ftir. 19 Temmuz davas\u0131 olarak bilinen ceza davas\u0131 karar\u0131nda Polisin eylemcilerin Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc Hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmesine(2) ra\u011fmen Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n Polis aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen soru\u015fturma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131llard\u0131r ilerletmemesi anayasal bir ilke olan Hukuk Devleti prensibiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmamaktad\u0131r. Zira, devlet kudretinin hukuka tabi k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131p keyfilikten ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ba\u015fta yarg\u0131 olmak \u00fczere denetim alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131, vatanda\u015flar\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin hukukun temeli olarak say\u0131lmas\u0131 hukuk devletinin asli bile\u015fenlerini olu\u015fturur.(3) Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz yaz aylar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Polis g\u00f6zetiminde bulunan san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc vakas\u0131 da, Polis aleyhine soru\u015fturma yap\u0131larak ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmaya muhta\u00e7 olan ve vatanda\u015flar\u0131n Devlet kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hukuki g\u00fcvence hissetmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n harekete ge\u00e7mesi gereken bir husustur.<\/p>\n

Hukuk Devleti = Devletin Hukuku Zihniyeti<\/b><\/p>\n

Bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn fikren ve fiilen tehdit edildi\u011fi 22 Ocak olaylar\u0131nda Polisin Afrika Gazetesi\u2019ni korumak i\u00e7in fa\u015fistlere herhangi bir m\u00fcdahalede bulunmamas\u0131 sebebiyle Polisin g\u00f6revini ihmaliyle ilgili de herhangi bir soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131r ceza gerektiren su\u00e7lar i\u015flendi\u011fi halde Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sald\u0131rganlar\u0131n alt mahkemede yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve do\u011fal olarak daha az ceza almas\u0131na neden olacak \u015fekilde concent vermesi (raz\u0131 olmas\u0131), tarafs\u0131z olmas\u0131 beklenen Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n tutumu ile ilgili olarak kamuoyunda tepkilere neden olmu\u015ftur. Kamu vicdan\u0131n\u0131 da yaralayan 22 Ocak sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n faillerinin Mahkeme karar\u0131 hilaf\u0131na, idari bir organ olan \u015eartl\u0131 Tahliye Kurulunca serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 da, halk nezdinde ciddi rahats\u0131zl\u0131k olu\u015fmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftu. \u00d6zetle Polisin, Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve \u015eartl\u0131 Tahliye Kurulu vas\u0131tas\u0131yla h\u00fck\u00fcmetin 22 Ocak olaylar\u0131nda izledi\u011fi prosed\u00fcr, Hukuk Devleti, Kuvvetler Ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi devletin anayasal ilkelerinin g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edildi\u011fi bir s\u00fcrece gebe olmu\u015ftur.(4) 19 Temmuz davas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, 22 Ocak davas\u0131nda da Mahkeme ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z duru\u015funu koruyarak karar \u00fcretmesine ra\u011fmen, yukar\u0131da sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z nedenlerden adalet yerini bulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hukuk Devleti Bir Ama\u00e7 m\u0131?<\/b><\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131 boyunca verilen \u00f6rneklerde Devlet Akl\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131n teorik olarak Hukuk Devletine z\u0131t d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Ancak Marx\u2019tan biliyoruz ki, g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ger\u00e7ek olsayd\u0131 bilime gerek kalmazd\u0131. Hukuk Devletine ula\u015f\u0131lacak soyut bir ideal olarak de\u011fil de, tarihsel olarak somut \u015fekilde bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda; devletin icraatlar\u0131n\u0131 Devlet Akl\u0131 ile me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rma iste\u011finin burjuva hukuk devleti modelinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan sonra da, bizzat bu model i\u00e7inde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumaya devam etti\u011fine (5) \u015fahit oluruz. Yani bu \u00e7arp\u0131kl\u0131k sadece \u00fclkemize \u00f6zg\u00fc bir durum de\u011fil. Marksist yazar Ernst Bloch\u2019un ifade etti\u011fi gibi, kapitalist devlet, hukuk devleti kavram\u0131na objektiflik ve s\u0131n\u0131flar \u00fcst\u00fc bir karakter ya da g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc bah\u015fetmeye hizmet etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece tahamm\u00fcl eder. Bu y\u00fczden Hukuk Devleti ilkesini, var\u0131lacak bir ideal hedef olarak g\u00f6rme yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmeden, halk\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunmada anayasal bir ara\u00e7 olarak talep etmemiz gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cansu N. Nazl\u0131<\/p>\n

cansunazli@yahoo.com<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(1)Sancar, \u201cDevlet Akl\u0131\u201d K\u0131skac\u0131nda Hukuk Devleti, s. 24-25<\/p>\n

(2)19 Temmuz Davas\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 incelemesi i\u00e7in bkz. \u015eansal N., Bir Hukukal Kazan\u0131m\u0131n D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri, Gaile Dergisi http:\/\/www.ankaradegillefkosa.org\/hukuksal-bir-kazanimin-dusundurdukleri-nazen-sansal\/<\/p>\n

(3)Sancar, \u201cDevlet Akl\u0131\u201d K\u0131skac\u0131nda Hukuk Devleti, s. 53<\/p>\n

(4)\u015eartl\u0131 Tahliye Kurulu Karar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 incelemesi i\u00e7in bkz. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Yolu Hukuk Komitesi: \u015eartl\u0131 Tahliye Kurulu Karar\u0131n\u0131 Objektif ve Adil Bulmuyoruz! http:\/\/www.ankaradegillefkosa.org\/bagimsizlik-yolu-hukuk-komitesi-sartli-tahliye-kurulu-kararini-objektif-ve-adil-bulmuyoruz\/<\/p>\n

(5)Sancar, \u201cDevlet Akl\u0131\u201d K\u0131skac\u0131nda Hukuk Devleti, s. 54<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Argasdi’mizin “\u00c7ocukluk” temal\u0131 yeni say\u0131s\u0131 bayilerdeki yerini alm\u0131\u015fken, “Adalet” temal\u0131 eski(meyen) say\u0131m\u0131zdan bir yaz\u0131y\u0131 sizlerle payla\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u00a0 Toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131za ismen girmese de, cismen varl\u0131k g\u00f6steren bir<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,38,9,42,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-1O5","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6949"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6949"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6949\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6952,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6949\/revisions\/6952"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6949"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}