{"id":7069,"date":"2019-09-10T07:54:45","date_gmt":"2019-09-10T05:54:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=7069"},"modified":"2019-09-10T07:54:45","modified_gmt":"2019-09-10T05:54:45","slug":"cocuk-istismarinin-psikolojik-boyutu-halide-erkivanc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=7069","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ocuk \u0130stismar\u0131n\u0131n Psikolojik Boyutu- Halide Erk\u0131van\u00e7"},"content":{"rendered":"

Argasdi’nin \u00c7ocukluk dosyas\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle son y\u0131llarda \u00e7ocu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 artan \u015fiddeti ve istismar\u0131 mercek alt\u0131na alan makalemizi mutlaka okuyunuz…<\/em><\/p>\n

\"cocuk<\/a>Y\u00fcz\u00fcmden bir \u015feyler akt\u0131 akt\u0131<\/em>
\n\u0130\u00e7im de menek\u015felendi Hilmi Bey<\/em>
\nG\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc gibi bir \u015fey bu \u00e7ocukluk<\/em>
\nHi\u00e7bir yere gitmiyor<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Edip Cansever’in de dedi\u011fi gibi hi\u00e7bir yere gitmiyor bu \u00e7ocukluk, hep bizimle kal\u0131yor, i\u00e7imizde ta\u015f\u0131yoruz t\u00fcm \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumuzu. Bu y\u00fczdendir ki \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fanan travmalar i\u00e7erisinde istismar, s\u00fcreklili\u011fi ve boyutlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde en ciddi travma \u015feklidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130stismar ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7ocu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc davran\u0131\u015f, insanl\u0131k tarihi kadar eski ve b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen bir sorundur. \u00c7ocuk istismar\u0131, \u00e7ok geni\u015f anlamda, \u00e7ocuktan sorumlu ki\u015fi, yabanc\u0131lar ya da kurumlar taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen, \u00e7ocu\u011fun geli\u015fimini olumsuz olarak etkileyen fiziksel, cinsel ve duygusal davran\u0131\u015flar olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ocuk istismar\u0131 alt tipleri temel olarak fiziksel, psikolojik, cinsel istismar ve ihmal olarak incelenmektedir. Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7ocu\u011fun ekonomik istismar\u0131, aile i\u00e7i \u015fiddete tan\u0131k olmas\u0131, ebeveynde alkol veya madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 gibi istismar davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Sevgi, ilgi, g\u00fcven ve destek bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetersiz ve ihmalkar davranan anne babalar kadar a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sevgi, ilgi, g\u00fcven ve destek veren anne babalar da \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na zarar veriyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130stismar\u0131n tipine, s\u00fcreklili\u011fine, \u015fekline ve boyutuna g\u00f6re ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sonu\u00e7lar de\u011fi\u015fiyor fakat yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, istismara u\u011fram\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocuklarda su\u00e7a, ak\u0131l hastal\u0131klar\u0131na, t\u0131bbi sorunlara, alkol ve madde kullan\u0131m\u0131na hatta intihara yatk\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130stismara u\u011fram\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocuklarda da di\u011fer psikolojik travma kurbanlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi birtak\u0131m psikolojik rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar ve bozukluklar g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00c7ocuklar geli\u015fimlerinin en \u00f6nemli d\u00f6nemlerinde travmatize olmakta, kendisini, \u00e7evresini ve d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde olumsuz bir \u015fekilde etkilenmektedirler. Ya\u015fanan bu travmatik olaylar sonras\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar psikolojik ve sosyal geli\u015fimlerinde de s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ya\u015fayabilmektedirler.<\/p>\n

Etkileri ve tedavisi<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuk istismar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli uzun d\u00f6nemli etkilerinden biri, istismar\u0131n d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel olarak ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130stismar edilen \u00e7ocuk, istismarc\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011flanabilir ve kendi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini kaybederek onunla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015febilir. \u0130stismar\u0131n d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel olarak ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bir di\u011fer nedeni de istismarc\u0131lar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 anne babal\u0131k becerilerine sahip olmalar\u0131, bu konuda s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 ve aktar\u0131lan anne babal\u0131k modellerinin yetersiz olmas\u0131 olabilir. \u00c7ocuk istismar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir\u00e7ok sebebi de vard\u0131r; dini, ahlaki ve \u00e7ocuk disiplini konusundaki inan\u00e7lar ve toplumsal nedenler gibi… \u00c7ocuk aileden biri taraf\u0131ndan istismara u\u011fruyorsa, aile \u00fcyesinin de tedaviye dahil edilmesi gerekir, cinsel istismar ve ensest vakalar\u0131nda aile tedavisinin uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunan uzmanlar vard\u0131r. \u00c7ocuk, yabanc\u0131 biri ya da \u00e7ekirdek aile d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan bir tan\u0131d\u0131k veya akraba taraf\u0131ndan istismara u\u011fruyorsa, aile tutumu bu durumda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli rol oynar. \u00c7ocu\u011fun g\u00fcvenebilece\u011fi bir yeti\u015fkine durumu aktarabilmesi, aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda da \u00e7ocu\u011fa inanmak ve bunu ona hissettirmek gerekir. \u00c7ocuklar i\u00e7in yaln\u0131z v\u00fccut bak\u0131m\u0131 ve beden sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumaya y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nlemler almak yetmez, ruhsal alanda da benzeri \u00f6nlemlere ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun tedavisinde ama\u00e7, \u00e7ocu\u011fun kendi duygu ve yeteneklerini tan\u0131y\u0131p harekete ge\u00e7irmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmakt\u0131r. Sosyal uyum, \u00f6zg\u00fcven geli\u015ftirme, kontrol duygusu, sorumluluk, duygular\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131ma ve sahip \u00e7\u0131kma, yeniden g\u00fcven yaratma ve en \u00f6nemlisi su\u00e7luluk ve utan\u00e7 duygular\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nemli olan \u00f6nlemek<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuk istismar\u0131nda \u00e7ocu\u011fun a\u00e7\u0131labilmesi ve sonras\u0131nda izlenilecek yol \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir fakat daha \u00f6nemli olan istismara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem almakt\u0131r. D\u00fcnyada \u00e7ocuk istismar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik koruma ve \u00f6nleme \u00e7abalar\u0131 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olup 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu h\u0131zlanma, insan haklar\u0131 konusundaki toplumsal geli\u015fmelerle ilgili olsa da as\u0131l nedeni \u00e7ocuk istismar\u0131n\u0131n giderek artmas\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ek say\u0131n\u0131n kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7en vakalardan \u00e7ok daha fazla oldu\u011funun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesidir.<\/p>\n

Ada yar\u0131m\u0131zdaki \u00e7ocuklar <\/b><\/p>\n

K\u0131br\u0131s’\u0131n kuzeyinde \u00e7ocuk istismar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r var oldu\u011funu kabul etmek gerekir. Yoksulluktan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Araplara sat\u0131lan k\u0131zlar\u0131m\u0131z unutulmam\u0131\u015fken, babas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tecav\u00fcze u\u011fray\u0131p vah\u015fice \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Mustafa’n\u0131n ac\u0131s\u0131 da hala hat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131zda. \u0130n\u015faatlarda k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015fartlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve canlar\u0131ndan olan, askerin ihmalkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 da unutmamak gerek. Kuran kurslar\u0131na \u00e7ok \u00f6nem verilen ama cinsel e\u011fitimin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hatta baz\u0131 kesimlerce tehlikeli olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ada yar\u0131m\u0131zda \u00e7ocuk ya\u015fta hamileliklerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Neler yap\u0131labilir?<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuk istismar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen \u00f6nlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmasa da b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bir devlet politikas\u0131 ile yap\u0131labilecek \u00e7ok fazla \u015fey m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u00c7ocuklara istismar\u0131 anlatmak, onlar\u0131 bu konuda bilgilendirmek, kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 olan do\u011fru ve yanl\u0131\u015f davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ay\u0131rt edebilmelerinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, iyi dokunma ve k\u00f6t\u00fc dokunmay\u0131 ay\u0131rt etmek, bedenini tan\u0131mak ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 bilmek, duygular\u0131n\u0131 anlamak, kendi haklar\u0131n\u0131 bilmek, bask\u0131ya direnmek ve yard\u0131m aramak konular\u0131; e\u011fitimde mutlaka yer almal\u0131d\u0131r. Okullarda rehberlik ve psikolojik yard\u0131mda bulunabilecek \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin bulunmamas\u0131 da bir eksiklik olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Televizyon, internet ve medya taraf\u0131ndan \u015fiddet, tecav\u00fcz vb. durumlar normalle\u015ftirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor bu da kurbanlar\u0131n ya kendilerini su\u00e7lamalar\u0131na ya da ortada anormal bir durum olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelerine sebep oluyor. \u00dclkemizde \u00e7ocuk mahkemeleri, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ya\u015flar\u0131na uygun rehabilitasyon merkezleri, ceza evleri veya \u00e7ocuk polisi yok. Sosyal Hizmetler Dairesi maalesef artan sorunlara kar\u015f\u0131 yetersiz kal\u0131yor ve halen bir \u00e7ocuk koruma politikam\u0131z da yok. K\u0131saca \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 koruyan, aileleri denetleyen, okullar\u0131 denetleyen, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve aileleri bilin\u00e7lendiren bir devlete ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kaynaklar: <\/i><\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuk \u0130stismar\u0131n\u0131n Etkileri ve De\u011ferlendirme, G\u00fcldane Kavgac\u0131<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuk ve \u015eiddet, O\u011fuz Polat<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuk ve \u0130stismar Ey\u00fcp Tunahan<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Argasdi’nin \u00c7ocukluk dosyas\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle son y\u0131llarda \u00e7ocu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 artan \u015fiddeti ve istismar\u0131 mercek alt\u0131na alan makalemizi mutlaka okuyunuz… Y\u00fcz\u00fcmden bir \u015feyler akt\u0131 akt\u0131 \u0130\u00e7im de<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":7070,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,44,9,1],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/cocuk-istismari.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-1Q1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7069"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7069"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7069\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7071,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7069\/revisions\/7071"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7069"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7069"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7069"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}