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<\/a><\/p>\nG\u00f6zetim toplumuna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, Mobese’ye NObese diyoruz demesine ama bir yandan da kamera direkleri, tarihi eser, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel doku filan dinlemeden her yana dikilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131 bile… UBP’li bakan\u0131n 2017’de TC ile imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Protokol’\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan 2018’de CTP-TDP-HP-DP d\u00f6rtl\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmetince Meclisten ge\u00e7irilen yasa ve ard\u0131ndan UBP-HP d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flat\u0131lan uygulama ile 7\/24 g\u00f6zetlenmemize,en sa\u011fc\u0131s\u0131ndan en “solcu”suna her partimiz, en muhafazakar\u0131ndan en “\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc”s\u00fcne her milletvekilimiz onay vermi\u015f durumda. TC askeri \u015firketi ASELSAN taraf\u0131ndan kurulan ve asl\u0131nda nereye ka\u00e7 adet konaca\u011f\u0131, TC \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131n\u0131n da a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00e7ok \u00f6nceden belirli olan kameralar, g\u00fcya Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k alt\u0131ndaki sivil bir kurul taraf\u0131ndan ihtiya\u00e7lara g\u00f6re yerle\u015ftirilmekte!<\/p>\n
Peki nedir bu g\u00fcvenlik paranoyas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi ve g\u00f6zetleme merak\u0131?<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0130nsanlar\u0131n birbirini g\u00f6zlemlemesi tarih boyunca bilgi edinme ve aktarma gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli ama\u00e7larla ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f bir olgudur. \u0130ktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7iren s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n, di\u011fer s\u0131n\u0131flar \u00fczerinde bir bask\u0131 ayg\u0131t\u0131 olarak devletin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla birlikte g\u00f6zetim de yeni bir anlama ve hale b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc: Bilgi toplayarak kontrol\u00fc elinde tutmak. Bilgiye sahip olan, g\u00fcce de sahip olur ve elinde bulunan bilgilere dayanarak di\u011ferlerini kolayca y\u00f6netir. Tasar\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir g\u00f6zetim toplumuna ge\u00e7i\u015f ve toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131n sistematik olarak izlenip denetlenmesi ise kapitalizmle birlikte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bunu ilk kez dillendiren Marx\u2019a g\u00f6re g\u00f6zetim, emek ve sermaye aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadelenin bir unsuruydu. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131, en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetle en y\u00fcksek \u00fcretimi sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6zetleme ve izleme mekanizmalar\u0131na ba\u015fvurmak gerekiyordu. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeyse neoliberal politikalar\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilmesiyle derinle\u015fen toplumsal e\u015fitsizliklerin sistem \u00fczerindeki y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenebilmesi i\u00e7in devletler, “g\u00fcvenlik” gerek\u00e7esiyle, gittik\u00e7e artan bir izleme ve kaydetme faaliyetine giri\u015fmi\u015f durumda. Neoliberal d\u00f6nemde bir yandan yoksullu\u011fun kriminalizasyonu, di\u011fer yandan “yoksullukla sava\u015f”, “su\u00e7la sava\u015f”, “ter\u00f6rle sava\u015f” gibi s\u00f6ylemler yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6zetimin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 “g\u00fcvenlik”, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yarar\u0131na gibi g\u00f6r\u00fclse de asl\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve eylemlerin zamanla yok edilmesine, bireysel ve toplumsal \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Geli\u015fen yeni teknolojiler, sadece kameralarla do\u011frudan izlemeyi de\u011fil, hatta ondan \u00e7ok daha yayg\u0131n ve aktif bir \u015fekilde, ticaretten seyahate, \u00f6zel hayattan sosyal ve politik davran\u0131\u015flara kadar internette yap\u0131lan her i\u015flemin \u00f6zel \u015firketlerce kaydedilmesini ve takip edilmesini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Toplanan bilgilerin hangi ama\u00e7 ve sebeplerle kimler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi ise \u015feffaf olmayan bir husustur. Bu da Orwell’in me\u015fhur B\u00fcy\u00fck Birader’inin art\u0131k yaln\u0131z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kar ama\u00e7l\u0131 ba\u015fka biraderlerle el birli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde hayatlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6zetledi\u011fini ve elindeki verilerle \u015fekillendirdi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir. (1)<\/p>\n
“\u00c7ember” daral\u0131rken<\/b><\/p>\n
Dave Eggers\u2019in “\u00c7ember” adl\u0131 roman\u0131, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n “1984”\u00fc olarak, yak\u0131n bir gelece\u011fi ve uzak olmas\u0131n\u0131 dileyece\u011fimiz ihtimalleri anlat\u0131yor. Kitaba ad\u0131n\u0131 veren “\u00c7ember”, Google, Facebook, Apple gibi \u015firketlerin yerini alan bir d\u00fcnya devidir ve temel mottosu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la \u00f6zel veya kamusal her yere fark edilmeyecek kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck De\u011fi\u015fimiG\u00f6r kameralar\u0131 yerle\u015ftirilmesi, ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuklara \u00e7ip tak\u0131lmas\u0131, A\u015fkMa\u015fk program\u0131yla fl\u00f6rt etmenin zorluklar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, Evcimen adl\u0131 telefon uygulamas\u0131yla evdeki \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin barkodlar\u0131n\u0131n taran\u0131p biten \u015feylerin sipari\u015f edilmesi gibi teknolojiler geli\u015ftirilmektedir. Ancak zamanla d\u00fcnyaya egemen olma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde politik g\u00fc\u00e7 h\u0131rs\u0131na kap\u0131lan \u00c7ember, gitgide daralmaktad\u0131r!<\/p>\n
\u0130nsanlar\u0131n reklamlara t\u0131klamas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir distopya yarat\u0131yoruz<\/b><\/p>\n
Kendi r\u0131zam\u0131zla \u00e7e\u015fitli bilgilerimizi ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerimizi payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sosyal medyan\u0131n insanlar\u0131n ileti\u015fiminde, bilgiye eri\u015fiminde, sosyal ve siyasal hareketlerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinde, sans\u00fcr\u00fcn a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015fmesinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Fakat t\u00fcm bunlardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak,bize \u00fccretsiz hizmet sunan bu sitelerin tek amac\u0131, reklamlarla gelir elde etmektir. Bu sebeple her t\u00fcrl\u00fc verimizi (durum bildirisi, messenger sohbetleri, yaz\u0131p da sildi\u011fimiz her yaz\u0131, foto\u011fraflar, oturum a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z konumlar vs) toplar ve analiz ederler. Hepimizin \u00fczerinde kapsaml\u0131 bir g\u00f6zetleme yap\u0131l\u0131r ki yapay \u00f6\u011frenimli algoritmalar, hangimize hangi reklam\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi gerekti\u011fini do\u011fru hesaplayabilsin. \u015eimdilik bu verilerin genellikle ticari ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsek de siyasi ama\u00e7l\u0131 da kullan\u0131labildi\u011fi, ABD se\u00e7imlerinde \u015faibeli durumlar yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131, se\u00e7men davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 etkilemek i\u00e7in gayet elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu bilinen bir ger\u00e7ek.<\/p>\n
“Bu algoritmalar kolayl\u0131kla insanlar\u0131n etnik \u00f6zelliklerini, dini ve siyasi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini, zekas\u0131n\u0131, mutlulu\u011funu, madde kullan\u0131p kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ailesinin durumunu, ya\u015f ve cinsiyetini, sadece Facebook be\u011fenilerinden tahmin edebilir. Y\u00fczleri k\u0131smen gizlenmi\u015f olsa da protestocular\u0131n kimli\u011fini belirleyebilir. Devletlerin vatanda\u015flar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda sahip olduklar\u0131 m\u00fcthi\u015f miktarda veriyle neler yapabileceklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. \u00c7in, insanlar\u0131 tespit etmek ve tutuklamak i\u00e7in y\u00fcz tan\u0131ma teknolojisini kullan\u0131yor bile…\u0130\u015fin ac\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015fu ki; g\u00f6zetlemeye dayal\u0131 bu otoriter yap\u0131y\u0131, yaln\u0131zca insanlar\u0131n reklamlara t\u0131klamas\u0131 i\u00e7in geli\u015ftiriyoruz! Bu Orwell’in otoriter rejimi olmayacak, bu 1984 de\u011fil. E\u011fer otoriterlik bizi pani\u011fe s\u00fcr\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in aleni korku kullanacaksa, korkaca\u011f\u0131z ama bundan haberimiz olacak, nefret duyaca\u011f\u0131z ve kar\u015f\u0131 koyaca\u011f\u0131z. Ancak g\u00fc\u00e7 sahibi insanlar bu algoritmalar\u0131, bizi sessizce izlemek, yarg\u0131lamak, sorun \u00e7\u0131karanlar\u0131 ve asileri \u00f6nceden tahmin etmek ve kimli\u011fini belirlemek, \u00fczerimizde ikna mimarisi olu\u015fturmak ve tek tek bireyleri manip\u00fcle etmek i\u00e7in ki\u015fisel zaaf ve hassas noktalar\u0131m\u0131zdan yararlanarak kullan\u0131rlarsa; dahas\u0131 bunu \u00f6zel ekranlar\u0131m\u0131zdan ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n ne g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bilemeyece\u011fimiz \u015fekilde yaparlarsa bu otoriter rejim bizi \u00f6r\u00fcmcek a\u011f\u0131 gibi k\u0131st\u0131r\u0131r. Ve biz yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bile anlamay\u0131z.”(2)<\/p>\n
\u0130nsan, \u00f6n\u00fcne sorun olarak koydu\u011fu \u015feyleri \u00e7\u00f6zer<\/b><\/p>\n
Yeni teknolojilere, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00fczeninden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zm\u0131\u015f gibi bakar ve sorgulamaks\u0131z\u0131n, ele\u015ftirmeksizin yaln\u0131zca payla\u015f\u0131mc\u0131,\u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirici y\u00f6nlerini g\u00f6r\u00fcrsek, otoriter bir g\u00f6zetim toplumu, hi\u00e7 de uzak bir distopya de\u011fil. \u015eayet bizi y\u00f6neten h\u00fck\u00fcmetler gibi y\u00f6nlendiren \u015firketlere de hesap sorabilir, onlar\u0131 etik s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde kalmaya zorlayabilirsek durum farkl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sakall\u0131 bir filozofun dedi\u011fi gibi: “\u0130nsan, \u00f6n\u00fcne sorun olarak koydu\u011fu \u015feyleri \u00e7\u00f6zer.” (3)<\/p>\n
Nazen \u015eansal<\/p>\n
nazen_sansal@yahoo.com<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
(1) <\/i>Nazen \u015eansal, Panoptes’in D\u00f6rt G\u00f6z\u00fc ve D\u00f6rt Ba\u015fl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmetin G\u00f6remedi\u011fi, Gaile Dergisi Say\u0131: 454 <\/i><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n(2) Zeynep T\u00fcfek\u00e7i, “\u0130nsanlar\u0131n reklamlara t\u0131klamas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir distopya yarat\u0131yoruz” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 TED konu\u015fmas\u0131<\/i><\/p>\n
(3) Nazen \u015eansal, “\u00c7ember”in D\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00c7\u0131kabilmek, Argasdi Dergisi Say\u0131: 50<\/i><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Argasdi dergimizin 56. say\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00fcncel bir yaz\u0131… G\u00f6zetim toplumuna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, Mobese’ye NObese diyoruz demesine ama bir yandan da kamera direkleri, tarihi eser,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7205,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[40,67,38,42,39],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7204"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7204"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7204\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7206,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7204\/revisions\/7206"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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