{"id":7208,"date":"2019-11-20T16:44:39","date_gmt":"2019-11-20T14:44:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=7208"},"modified":"2019-11-20T16:44:39","modified_gmt":"2019-11-20T14:44:39","slug":"baska-bir-kentlesme-mumkun-mustafa-batak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=7208","title":{"rendered":"Ba\u015fka Bir Kentle\u015fme M\u00fcmk\u00fcn – Mustafa Batak"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"ARgasdi<\/a><\/p>\n

Kentlerin olu\u015fumu
\n<\/b>Tarih boyunca insanlar birlikte ya\u015fayabilmek, yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7ip bar\u0131nma ve di\u011fer ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015flerdir. Korunma, do\u011fal afetler, kurakl\u0131k, sava\u015flar ve ekonomik nedenler, ya\u015fanan g\u00f6\u00e7lere sebep olsa da; bu sebeplerin ortak noktalar\u0131ndan bir tanesi de birlikte bir hayat kurma \u00e7abas\u0131yd\u0131. Esas olandan yani ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131klardan tarihsel arka plana bakacak olursak, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n birlikte ya\u015fama \u00e7abas\u0131yla bir araya geldi\u011fi ve o \u00e7aba ile yerle\u015fkeler kurup zamanla bunu b\u00fcy\u00fcterek kent haline getirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir.
\nB\u00fcy\u00fcyen sadece hacim de\u011fildi
\n<\/b>Kurulan kentler ilk ba\u015flarda insanlar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na hizmet eder noktadayd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yerle\u015fke d\u00fczeninden kent haline ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda insanlar\u0131n ve hatta t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131n birlikte ya\u015fayabilece\u011fi bir anlay\u0131\u015f h\u00e2kimdi. Ancak zaman i\u00e7erisinde bu anlay\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fti. Ya\u015fanan sava\u015flar ve bununla paralel ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen g\u00f6\u00e7ler ile \u00f6zellikle Sanayi Devrimi sonras\u0131 kurulan fabrikalara tesis ihtiyac\u0131 do\u011fdu. S\u00fcratle in\u015fa edilen bu tesislerle kentler d\u00fczensiz bir hal ald\u0131 ve ya\u015fan\u0131labilir hacimlerden \u00e7ok uzakla\u015ft\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda teknik ve mekanik alt yap\u0131 ile at\u0131k sorunu meydana geldi. Bunun tarihteki en somut \u00f6rne\u011fi \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n Barselona kentinde ya\u015fand\u0131.\u00a01850\u2019li y\u0131llarda kent felaketin e\u015fi\u011fine gelmi\u015fti. Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019dan kalma surlarla \u00e7evrili olan kentin; i\u015flek bir liman\u0131 ve sanayi devrimi sonras\u0131 h\u0131zla end\u00fcstrile\u015fmeye do\u011fru giden bir yap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131. Kontrols\u00fcz bi\u00e7imde a\u00e7\u0131lan fabrikalar ile artan n\u00fcfus, kent sokaklar\u0131n\u0131 bir metrelik geni\u015fli\u011fe kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve haliyle \u015fehirde nefes almak dahi hayli zorla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 190 bin ki\u015finin s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu kentte kap\u0131da bekleyen hastal\u0131k ba\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve \u00f6l\u00fcmler ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu s\u0131ralarda modern zamanlar\u0131n ilk \u015fehir planc\u0131s\u0131 olarak kabul edilen Ildefons Cerd\u00e0 isimli m\u00fchendis ortaya \u00e7\u0131karak, elde bulunan veriler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kenti, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin, halk\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yeniden d\u00fczenlemeyi kafas\u0131na koymu\u015f ve buna surlar\u0131 y\u0131karak ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n nefes almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bu y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n ard\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u2018\u0131zgara\u2019 plan sayesinde \u015fehrin alan\u0131n\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt kat art\u0131rarak mevcut n\u00fcfusun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131lar, okullar, hastaneler ile birlikte, ye\u015fil alan, temiz hava ve g\u00fcne\u015ften faydalan\u0131labilecek bir ortam yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/i>
\nO y\u0131llarda Avrupa\u2019da \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an bu planlama sayesinde bir\u00e7ok kent geli\u015fir ve ge\u00e7en zaman i\u00e7erisinde \u015fehir planc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilim olarak kabul edilir. Ancak t\u00fcm bunlara ra\u011fmen Sanayi Devrimiyle paralel geli\u015fen kapitalizm kentleri esir almaya devam eder ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir kent yap\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok kendi \u201ckalk\u0131nma\u201d plan\u0131na g\u00f6re hareket eder. Bu sayede de kentlerde, yerle\u015fim, alt yap\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fcme bi\u00e7imi ve y\u00f6n\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sorun hi\u00e7 bitmez. Aksine artarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar devam eder. Tarih boyunca kentlerin d\u00fczensizli\u011finden nemalan\u0131p, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 tahribat\u0131n onar\u0131m\u0131na da dahil olup kazan\u00e7 elde eden sermaye kesimleri art\u0131k kendisini metropol olarak an\u0131lan kentlerde teknolojik kentlerle (Tekno-kent)var ediyor.
\nTekno-kent de\u011fil eko-tek
\n<\/b>D\u00fcnyada \u00fczerinde yap\u0131s\u0131 ve do\u011fal g\u00fczellikleriyle \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilen kentlere San Francisco, Austin, Londra, Toronto, Amsterdam ve Berlin gibi bir\u00e7oktekno-kent de eklendi. Teknolojik alt yap\u0131ya sahip bu \u00fclkelerde insanlar teknolojik alt yap\u0131n\u0131n nimetlerinden faydalanabiliyor. Ancak bu nimetler \u201cak\u0131ll\u0131 \u015fehir\u201d ill\u00fczyonuyla yap\u0131lan milyon dolarl\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131mlara ra\u011fmen olduk\u00e7a s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kentlerin geli\u015fimiyine kapitalizmin arzulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde ilerliyor ve bu da t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan ekolojik anlay\u0131\u015fa paralel geli\u015ftirilen ekolojik teknolojinin (eko-tek) \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0131k\u0131yor. Son d\u00f6nemde sermaye gruplar\u0131 bir araya gelerek kentlerin d\u00fczensizli\u011finden olu\u015fan trafik, ula\u015f\u0131m, alt yap\u0131, ye\u015fillendirme, \u00e7\u00f6p, su ve at\u0131k gibi sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 tekno-kentlerle \u00e7\u00f6zmeyi pazarl\u0131yor. Yukar\u0131da da ifade edildi\u011fi gibi;d\u00fczensiz ve plans\u0131z kentlerin olu\u015fumunda yer alan akt\u00f6rler, yine \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm i\u00e7in kap\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131yor. Kent ad\u0131na d\u00fczensiz ve plans\u0131z bi\u00e7imde olsa da kendi ad\u0131na gayet d\u00fczenli ve planl\u0131 hareket ederek, kent biliminden yoksun bir \u015fekilde,\u00a0ak\u0131ll\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri, ak\u0131ll\u0131 tar\u0131m, ak\u0131ll\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131m, ak\u0131ll\u0131 enerji<\/strong>\u00a0ile hizmetlerin verimlili\u011fi gibi k\u00f6kten \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm getirecek \u00f6nemli hususlar\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 ediyor. Teknolojinin imkanlar\u0131ndan b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde bahsetmek yerine daha \u00e7ok \u0131s\u0131tma, so\u011futma, trafik, yol durumu, acil durumlarda ula\u015f\u0131m kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi genel ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck sorunlar \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131yor. Dahas\u0131 kamusal kaynaklar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n asgari seviyelere d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir anlay\u0131\u015fla kentlerin tasarlanmas\u0131, turistlere ve halka y\u00f6nelik yol g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131n planlanmas\u0131, acil durumlara, g\u00fcvenlik, yang\u0131n ve felaketlere kar\u015f\u0131 kentin korumas\u0131n\u0131 esas al\u0131p, sadece insanlar\u0131 de\u011fil t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan bir anlay\u0131\u015fla bu yap\u0131y\u0131 kurmaktan s\u00f6z edilmiyor. Bununla da kalmay\u0131p, ekoloji ve teknoloji kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 birbirine z\u0131t g\u00f6sterip; ekolojinin \u201cuygar\u201d kent anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu ve do\u011fal ortam\u0131 temsil etti\u011fi i\u00e7in teknolojinin yapay ortam\u0131nda yer alamayaca\u011f\u0131 sav\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftiriyorlar. Buna sebep olan salt eko-k\u00f6y ya da eko-kent gibi ezberler de vard\u0131r elbette. Bu k\u00f6ylerde teknoloji ve enerji kullan\u0131m\u0131 olduk\u00e7a s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak bu eko-tek kavram\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015flanarak tekno-kentlerin; yani sadece insan\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131p bir tak\u0131m otomasyon sistemleri ile makyajlanarak pazarlanmas\u0131na gerek\u00e7e de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fcnyada eko-tek kavram\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftiren ve t\u00fcm ihtiya\u00e7 ve disiplinleriyle hayata ge\u00e7irebilen \u00fclkeler de vard\u0131r.
\nEko-tek \u015fehirler
\n<\/b>Eko-tek kentler \u015fimdilerde rol modeldir ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli kentlerde denenmektedir. Bu model s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi ve ekosistemin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zeten anlay\u0131\u015fla hareket ederek, mek\u00e2nsal ve kentsel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 bir arada kullanmay\u0131 hedeflemektedir. Eko-tek \u015fehirler, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir, ye\u015fil eko-kent ile y\u00fcksek teknolojili bar\u0131nma\/\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma mek\u00e2nlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan tekno-kent gibi iki yeni olgunun birle\u015fimidir. Bunu sahiplenen ve projelendirip kuran (ya da kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan) kentler de vard\u0131r. Kanada\u2019da Milton, Yeni Zelanda\u2019da Waitakere, Finlandiya\u2019da isminden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi Eco-Viikki ve ABD\u2019den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kent olarak kurulan Arcosantibu \u00f6rneklerden sadece baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.
\nK\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta eko-tek
\n<\/b>Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gerisinde kalan bir anlay\u0131\u015fla ya\u015fam kavgas\u0131 verdi\u011fimiz bu ada yar\u0131s\u0131nda, \u00f6yle bir noktaya geldik ki, yollar\u0131n, temiz su, ya\u011fmur suyu ishale hatlar\u0131n\u0131n ve kanalizasyon ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel y\u00f6ntemlerle bak\u0131m onar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00fcld\u00fcrecek yeg\u00e2ne tadilat olacak. Ancak unutmamal\u0131y\u0131z ki eko-tek \u00f6rne\u011fini sahiplenen kentlerin tamam\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7eklidir. Oralara da bu anlay\u0131\u015f g\u00f6kten zembille inmemi\u015ftir. Hayat\u0131, do\u011fay\u0131 k\u0131saca t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131 seven, gelece\u011fine ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kara par\u00e7as\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131kmak isteyen herkesin; bir yanda yolda a\u00e7\u0131lan \u00e7ukura tepki g\u00f6sterirken, di\u011fer yanda bu hayali ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi gerekmektedir. Umut etmek ve istemekle, ba\u015fka bir anlay\u0131\u015f yerle\u015ftirmekle ancak ba\u015fka bir kenti m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lar\u0131z.<\/b><\/p>\n

Mustafa Batak
\nmustafabatak91@gmail.com<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kentlerin olu\u015fumu Tarih boyunca insanlar birlikte ya\u015fayabilmek, yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7ip bar\u0131nma ve di\u011fer ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015flerdir. Korunma, do\u011fal afetler, kurakl\u0131k, sava\u015flar ve ekonomik<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7209,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,38,9,42,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ARgasdi-yaz\u0131-g\u00f6rsel-1.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-1Sg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7208"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7208"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7208\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7210,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7208\/revisions\/7210"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7209"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7208"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7208"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}