{"id":7389,"date":"2020-02-20T15:06:11","date_gmt":"2020-02-20T13:06:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=7389"},"modified":"2020-02-20T15:06:11","modified_gmt":"2020-02-20T13:06:11","slug":"frida-bir-devrimciydi-peki-sanati-da-oyle-miydi-cansu-n-nazli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=7389","title":{"rendered":"Frida Bir Devrimciydi, Peki Sanat\u0131 da \u00d6yle miydi?- Cansu N. Nazl\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"frida\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Frida’y\u0131 mercek alt\u0131na alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z dergimiz Argasdi’de Frida ve sanat anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Cansu N. Nazl\u0131’n\u0131n kaleminden aktar\u0131yoruz. Argasdinizi 10 TL kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Baraka K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi lokalinden, Khora Kitap’tan ve t\u00fcm bayiilerden alabilirsiniz.<\/em><\/p>\n

18 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir t\u0131p \u00f6\u011frencisiyken ba\u015f\u0131na gelen o talihsiz otob\u00fcs kazas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeseydi b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle Frida ile bir ressam olarak tan\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacakt\u0131. Aylarca hi\u00e7 k\u0131p\u0131rdamadan yatmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fi, onu oyalanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in resim yapmaya itmi\u015fti. Sonras\u0131nda, sanat\u0131na hayran oldu\u011fu \u00fcnl\u00fc ressam Diego’ya resimlerini g\u00f6stererek resim yapmaya devam edip etmemeyi sormas\u0131 ise Frida’n\u0131n yolunu hem resimle hem de Diego ile \u00f6l\u00fcnceye dek birle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

Frida, 1943\u2019te \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 La Esmeralda isimli sanat okulundaki i\u015fine sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fene dek devam edecek ve ilk ki\u015fisel sergisini \u00f6lmeden 1 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 1953\u2019te a\u00e7acakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Neden kendini bu kadar \u00e7izmi\u015fti?<\/b><\/p>\n

143 eserinin 55\u2019i otoportre olan ressama neden bu kadar kendini \u00e7izdi\u011fi soruldu\u011funda cevab\u0131 basit bir ger\u00e7e\u011fe dayan\u0131yordu; yat\u0131l\u0131 tedavi g\u00f6r\u00fcrken yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine takt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 aynada t\u00fcm g\u00fcn boyunca yaln\u0131z kendini g\u00f6r\u00fcyor olmas\u0131 onu resim yaparken kendini model almaya sevk etmi\u015fti. Ressam kad\u0131nlar\u0131n otoportre \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ki\u015fisel oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in sanat \u00e7evrelerinde hakir g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131 olan \u00fcnl\u00fc ressam Picasso, Frida i\u00e7in “Biz onun kadar iyi portre \u00e7izemiyoruz.”diyecekti.<\/p>\n

Frida s\u00fcrrealist bir ressam m\u0131yd\u0131? <\/b><\/p>\n

Fransa’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen s\u00fcrrealist bir sergide resimleri sergilenirken s\u00fcrrealizmin kurucusu say\u0131lan Andre Breton Frida’y\u0131 bir s\u00fcrrealist olarak kategorize edecek, Frida ise buna, kendinin hayallerini de\u011fil, kendi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini \u00e7izdi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek hiddetle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kendisi hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde kabul etmese de, belirli yazarlar taraf\u0131ndan bug\u00fcn s\u00fcrrealist ressamlar aras\u0131nda an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 yazarlar ise Frida’n\u0131n herhangi bir ak\u0131ma do\u011frudan yerle\u015ftirilemeyecek nitelikte \u00f6zg\u00fcn tarz\u0131 oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yorumlarda bulunmaktad\u0131r. S\u00fcrrealist \u00a0bir ressam olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bir kenara koyarsak; onun s\u00fcrrealizmden nefret etti\u011fini ve bu kategoride an\u0131lmaktan duydu\u011fu rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade etmesinde, ideolojik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn etkili oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. S\u00fcrrealizmin burjuva sanat\u0131 oldu\u011funu ifade etmesi ve sosyalist ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i ak\u0131ma dahil olma iste\u011fi onun kom\u00fcnist olmas\u0131ndand\u0131.<\/p>\n

Frida\u2019n\u0131n resimlerinde yer alan etnik k\u0131yafetler, tropik meyveler, hayvanlar ve mitolojik imgeler ekseriyetle Meksika k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne, dini inan\u0131\u015flar\u0131na ve yerel kimli\u011fine dayan\u0131r. Frida\u2019n\u0131n eserlerinin bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle, \u00e7e\u015fitli ak\u0131mlar\u0131n izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yan, yerel k\u00f6klerine inmeyi ve Meksikal\u0131 ulusal kimli\u011fi yaratmay\u0131 hedefleyen bir sanat ak\u0131m\u0131 olarak tarifleyebilece\u011fimiz Meksika R\u00f6nesans\u0131\u2019ndan etkilendi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle, ABD\u2019de ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u2018ABD-Meksika S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda Otoportre\u2019 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda ABD ve Meksika k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 ortaya koyarak canl\u0131 renklerle hayat verdi\u011fi Meksika k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc sahiplenirken ABD\u2019nin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 end\u00fcstrile\u015fmesini ve emperyalizmini renksiz ve ruhsuz resmederek ele\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Yine ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nem yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u2018Elbisem Orada As\u0131l\u0131\u2019 adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 da benzer i\u00e7eriktedir.<\/p>\n

Frida\u2019n\u0131n kendi bedenini resmedi\u015fi<\/b><\/p>\n

Frida, \u00e7ocuk sahibi olmay\u0131 \u00e7ok istemesine ra\u011fmen ge\u00e7irmi\u015f oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckleri ve k\u00fcrtaj\u0131 \u2018Henry Ford Hastanesi\u2019 ile \u2018Frida ve D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck\u2019 adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda resmetmi\u015ftir. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaza ve onlarca ameliyattan sonra \u00e7ekti\u011fi bedensel ac\u0131lar\u0131 ifade etti\u011fi pek \u00e7ok resmi aras\u0131nda en bilindik olan\u0131 \u2018K\u0131r\u0131k S\u00fctun\u2019dur.<\/p>\n

Frida\u2019n\u0131n bahsi ge\u00e7en \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda v\u00fccudunu \u00e7\u0131plak resmedi\u015f \u015fekli, \u00fcnl\u00fc erkek ressamlar\u0131n Susanna Banyoda, Samson ve Delilah, \u00dc\u00e7 G\u00fczeller, K\u0131rda Kahvalt\u0131 gibi \u00e7ok bilinen eserlerde i\u015fledi\u011fi kad\u0131n \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan farkl\u0131d\u0131r. An\u0131lan eserlerde, izleyicinin\/al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n da erkek oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle \u00e7\u0131plak kad\u0131n fig\u00fcrleri seyirlik bir arzu nesnesi ya da ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle cinsel bir obje gibi resmedilmi\u015ftir. Frida\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden y\u0131llar sonra geli\u015ftirilen feminist sanat ele\u015ftirileri, kad\u0131n bedeninin nesnele\u015ftirilerek erkeklerin zevkine hitap edecek bi\u00e7imde resmedili\u015fini tenkit etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Frida\u2019n\u0131n eserlerine d\u00f6necek olursak, onun ne bedensel ac\u0131lar, ne de a\u015fk ac\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fini ifade etti\u011fi resimleri bedenini nesnele\u015ftirmemekte; \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011fa resimlerinde \u00e7ok do\u011fal bi\u00e7imde yer verdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Son d\u00f6nem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u2026<\/b><\/p>\n

\u201cResim yapmamla ilgili rahats\u0131z\u0131m. Her \u015feyin \u00fcst\u00fcnde bunu kom\u00fcnist devrimci hareketin i\u015fine yarayacak bir \u015feye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek istiyorum. \u015eimdiye kadar sadece kendimin samimi portrelerini yapt\u0131m ama partinin i\u015fine yarayacak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulunmaktan \u00e7ok uza\u011f\u0131m. Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m elverdik\u00e7e devrime birka\u00e7 olumlu \u015fey katmak i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcmle sava\u015fmal\u0131y\u0131m.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00d6lmeden \u00f6nceki son y\u0131llar\u0131nda resimlerinin devrimci m\u00fccadeleye katk\u0131 koymas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle yapmakta oldu\u011funu sand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u2018Marksizm Hastaya Sa\u011fl\u0131k Getirecek\u2019 ve Stalin portresi eserleri yar\u0131m kalm\u0131\u015f, tamamlanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Frida’n\u0131n resimleri sosyalizme hizmet etti mi?<\/b><\/p>\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin ilk Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakan\u0131 olarak, bo\u015fanman\u0131n kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, k\u00fcrtaj\u0131n yasalla\u015fmas\u0131, \u00fccretsiz cinsiyet de\u011fi\u015ftirme ameliyatlar\u0131na olanak sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok uygulamaya \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden Aleksandre Kollontay, otobiyografisinde emek\u00e7i kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesi ile yeni bir cinsel ahlak\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 devrimci m\u00fccadelesinin ere\u011fi sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>\n

Frida\u2019n\u0131n da a\u015fk\u0131, cinselli\u011fi sorgulamas\u0131 ve resimlerinde annelik, k\u00fcrtaj gibi konular\u0131 kamusalla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n Kollantay\u2019\u0131n devrimci m\u00fccadelenin ere\u011fi sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kad\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesine ve yeni bir cinsel ahlak\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131na katk\u0131 sundu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

Ancak Frida\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce, devrimci m\u00fccadeleye katk\u0131 koymak i\u00e7in portresini yapmakta oldu\u011fu Stalin\u2019in, Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin emek\u00e7ileri, kad\u0131nlar\u0131, LGBT bireyleri \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirici uygulamalar\u0131na son vererek devrimi geriletti\u011fini ve Kollantay\u2019\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn etti\u011fini de belirtmemiz gerekir.<\/p>\n

Sons\u00f6z yerine<\/b><\/p>\n

Tarihin \u00e7ok uzun bir d\u00f6nemi kad\u0131nlar\u0131n resim sanat\u0131nda yer almas\u0131na izin verilmemi\u015f; resim alan\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar naif, ki\u015fisel, pastel renkler kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 kisvesiyle zanaat olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, sanat erkek i\u015fi say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sanat akademilerine kabul\u00fc ise 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. \u00a0\u00dcnl\u00fc ressamlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukla erkek olmas\u0131 bu sebeple bir tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildir. Fiziksel engeli, cinsiyeti, cinsel y\u00f6nelimi ve kom\u00fcnist d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n t\u00fcm ayr\u0131mc\u0131 bariyerleri atlayarak d\u00fcnyaca tan\u0131nan az say\u0131da ressam kad\u0131ndan biri olmas\u0131 Frida\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck devrimci ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Frida’y\u0131 mercek alt\u0131na alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z dergimiz Argasdi’de Frida ve sanat anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Cansu N. Nazl\u0131’n\u0131n kaleminden aktar\u0131yoruz. Argasdinizi 10 TL kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Baraka K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi lokalinden, Khora<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":7390,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,44,9,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/frida.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-1Vb","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7389"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7389"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7389\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7391,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7389\/revisions\/7391"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7390"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7389"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7389"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}