![\"nazen](\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/nazen-frida-.jpg\")
<\/a>Frida’n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1900’l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131, Latin Amerika’dan Sovyetlere, Afrika’dan Avrupa’ya, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hemen her yerinde \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 y\u0131llard\u0131. K\u0131z\u0131l Rosa’n\u0131n \u201cYa sosyalizm ya barbarl\u0131k\u201d \u00f6nermesindeki her iki se\u00e7enek de, tahteravallinin iki ucu gibi art arda insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sallamaktayd\u0131. Birinci ve ikinci payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015flar\u0131, e\u015fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir k\u0131y\u0131ma, y\u0131k\u0131ma ve israfa yol a\u00e7arken, 1917’den itibaren Avrupa’y\u0131 bir protesto ve devrim dalgas\u0131 kas\u0131p kavurdu. Halk\u0131n sava\u015fa kuvvetli tepkisi, y\u00f6netenleri ala\u015fa\u011f\u0131 edilmenin e\u015fi\u011fine getirmi\u015f, kapitalizm, son nefesini vermekten k\u0131l pay\u0131 kurtulmu\u015ftu. <\/em><\/p>\nBirinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131, \u00f6nce 1917\u2019de Rusya\u2019da, sonra 1918\u2019de Almanya\u2019da devrimle sona erdi. Ancak 1920\u2019lerin sonuna gelindi\u011finde, bu b\u00fcy\u00fck devrimci dalga art\u0131k d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda duruluyordu. Alman devrimi yenilmi\u015fti ve Ekim 1917 ayaklanmas\u0131, d\u00fcnya sosyalist devriminin fitilini ate\u015fleyememi\u015fti. Rus devrimi tecrit edilmi\u015f, d\u00fc\u015fmanlarla ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, sava\u015f\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ve yoksulla\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumdayd\u0131. Rejim, zamanla i\u00e7ine kapand\u0131 ve yozla\u015farak eski sosyalist fikirlerin \u00e7irkin bir taklidine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Stalin liderli\u011findeki Rusya\u2019da i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 demokrasisi yok edildi, muhalif g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ftekiler s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Ayn\u0131 zamanda B\u00fcy\u00fck Buhran ve fa\u015fizmin y\u00fckseli\u015fi Amerika ve Avrupa\u2019da milyonlarca insan\u0131 derinden etkilemi\u015f, yenilgiyle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f olsa da \u0130spanya\u2019da fa\u015fizme kar\u015f\u0131 enternasyonal dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n da sergilendi\u011fi \u00f6nemli bir sava\u015f verilmi\u015fti.<\/em><\/p>\n Ayn\u0131 anda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n di\u011fer ucunda <\/b><\/em><\/p>\n Yerk\u00fcrenin bir yan\u0131nda t\u00fcm bunlar ya\u015fan\u0131rken di\u011fer yan\u0131ndaki Latin Amerika \u00fclkeleri yeni bir t\u00fcr s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilikle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yayd\u0131; ABD emperyalizmi\u2026 Halbuki bu uzak k\u0131tan\u0131n halklar\u0131, Avrupal\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerinden ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131na kavu\u015fal\u0131 daha say\u0131l\u0131 y\u0131llar olmu\u015ftu. B<\/em>ir d\u00f6nem diktat\u00f6r ailelerle, bir d\u00f6nem askeri darbelerle ve son 20-30 y\u0131ld\u0131r da uyu\u015fturucu trafi\u011fiyle tehdit edilen Latin Amerika, b\u00fcy\u00fck etki b\u0131rakan devrimlere ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu devrimlerden en uzun s\u00fcreni, 30 y\u0131l ile Meksika Devrimi\u2019dir. Ba\u015flama nedeni, adil bir toprak reformunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyi\u015fi ve ulusal zenginliklerin ABD ve Avrupal\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerce pervas\u0131zca ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/em><\/p>\n Frida\u2019n\u0131n hayata g\u00f6zlerini a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk y\u0131llarda, 1910\u2019da Meksika, \u0130spanyol s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerin soyundan gelen toprak sahibi se\u00e7kinlerin hakimiyetindeydi. Y\u00f6netimde diktat\u00f6r bir ba\u015fkan Diaz vard\u0131 ve ekonomisi giderek Amerika\u2019n\u0131n ticari \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n esiri oluyordu. Yerli K\u0131z\u0131lderililerin ve karma \u0131rk Mestizos\u2019un olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u00e7o\u011funluk ezilmekteydi. Liberal siyaset\u00e7i Madero, 1910-11 silahl\u0131 isyan\u0131nda Diaz\u2019\u0131 y\u00f6netimden indirdi. Ama tar\u0131m reformu vaatlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremeyince, toplumsal konulara duyarl\u0131 bir e\u015fk\u0131ya olan Pan\u00e7o Villa kuzeyde, k\u00f6yl\u00fc bir \u00e7ift\u00e7i olan Emiliano Zapata ise g\u00fcneyde yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 devrimci bir sava\u015f ba\u015flatt\u0131lar. Sloganlar\u0131 \u201ctoprak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d olan Villa ile Zapata\u2019n\u0131n k\u00f6yl\u00fc ordular\u0131 1914\u2019te Meksiko \u015fehrine girdi. Fakat iktidar\u0131n\u0131 almak yerine tekrar liberal h\u00fck\u00fcmete b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. Radikal bir toprak reformu yapmay\u0131 reddeden h\u00fck\u00fcmet birlikleri, k\u00f6yl\u00fc gerillalar\u0131 ezmek i\u00e7in ABD kuvvetleriyle omuz omuza \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Zapata 1919\u2019da, Villa ise 1923\u2019te \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. <\/em>Daha sonra \u00fclke y\u00f6netimi uzun s\u00fcre sabit kalamadan de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. En sonunda Ulusal Devrimci Parti\u2019nin y\u00f6neticilerinden birisi olan K\u0131z\u0131lderili k\u00f6kenli Cardenas ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7ti. Milyonlarca hektar topra\u011f\u0131 halka da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131; kolektif tar\u0131msal birlikler kurdurdu, hastane okul gibi hizmetleri artt\u0131rd\u0131. E\u011fitim sistemi sosyalist anlay\u0131\u015fla d\u00fczenlendi, teknik e\u011fitim veren enstit\u00fcler kuruldu. Bunlara Meksika\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki canlanma e\u015flik etti. Ulusal ve evrensel k\u00fclt\u00fcr de\u011ferlerinin uyum i\u00e7inde b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fti\u011fi yap\u0131tlar verildi, resim ve m\u00fczik sanatlar\u0131 geli\u015fti. \u0130spanya i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u00fclkelerini terk etmek zorunda kalan pek \u00e7ok sanat\u00e7\u0131, yazar ve bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n Meksika\u2019ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmas\u0131na izin veren Cardenas, Stalin\u2019e muhalefet eden Tro\u00e7ki\u2019yi de Meksika\u2019da a\u011f\u0131rlad\u0131. De\u011fi\u015fik siyasi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nmas\u0131 Meksika\u2019n\u0131n siyasi ya\u015fam\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zenginlikti.<\/p>\n Zapatista Devrimi, Meksika halklar\u0131na sadece ekonomik ve politik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011fil, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel devrimin evrensel sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan Frida\u2019y\u0131 da kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130\u015fte Frida Kahlo d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ve \u00fclkesinin bu ko\u015fullar\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0\u201cBen, bir devrimin k\u0131z\u0131y\u0131m. Buna hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphe yok, bir de atalar\u0131m\u0131n tapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihtiyar ate\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n!\u201d<\/b><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n Ki\u015fili\u011fini, k\u00f6yl\u00fc devrimi ve toprak reformunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Zapata Devrimi ile b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftiren ve \u201cBen devrimle do\u011fdum\u201d diyerek do\u011fum y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 1910 olarak de\u011fi\u015ftiren Frida, \u201cDevas\u0131z hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131n zay\u0131f b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bedenim, t\u00fcm g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc, enerjimi devrime adamakta buluyor; hayatta kalmam\u0131n tek amac\u0131 budur\u201d diyecek kadar Zapatista Devrimi\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Frida, resimlerinde \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015ftirdi\u011fi, \u201ctoprak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d slogan\u0131yla, aya\u011fa kalkan k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin k\u0131yafetlerini giyiyor, tak\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tak\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Frida i\u00e7in ikinci \u00f6nemli ilham kayna\u011f\u0131, 1917 Ekim Devrimi’ydi. Marksizm’e duydu\u011fu ilgi ve yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cMarksizm hastalar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirecek\u201d adl\u0131 bir tabloda ifade etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Meksikal\u0131 devrimci sanat\u00e7\u0131 Orozco, e\u015fi Diego ve ba\u015fka gen\u00e7 sanat\u00e7\u0131larla birlikte 1922\u2019de Teknik \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler, Ressamlar ve Heykelt\u0131ra\u015flar Sendikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kuranlar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Sendikan\u0131n manifestosunda, yeni, k\u00f6keninde yerli (ve \u00f6z\u00fcnde Amerikan yerlisi) bir sanat; \u201cherkes i\u00e7in, m\u00fccadeleci ve e\u011fitici\u201d bir sanat \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunuluyordu.<\/p>\n \u0130spanya i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131 patlak verdi\u011finde, Frida, fa\u015fizme kar\u015f\u0131 cumhuriyetin desteklenmesi i\u00e7in bir dayan\u0131\u015fma komitesi kurdu. Toplant\u0131lar d\u00fczenledi, mektuplar yazd\u0131, acil yard\u0131m toplad\u0131, \u0130spanya\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilmek \u00fczere giysi ve ila\u00e7 kolileri haz\u0131rlad\u0131. \u0130spanyadaki fa\u015fizm i\u00e7in \u201cSiyasal olaylar i\u00e7inde beni en \u00e7ok etkileyen bu sava\u015ft\u0131r. Gaddar, i\u00e7 par\u00e7alay\u0131c\u0131 bir olayd\u0131r.\u201d diyordu.<\/p>\n Hem kendi \u00fclkesindeki hem de Latin Amerika\u2019daki eylemliliklerde aktif rol ald\u0131. 1954 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden hemen \u00f6nce, Guatemala’n\u0131n sol e\u011filimli cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n CIA destekli bir darbeyle devrilmesini protesto etmek i\u00e7in, tekerlekli sandalyesiyle hayat\u0131n\u0131n son g\u00f6sterisine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n 1930’lu y\u0131llarda Frida ve e\u015fi Diego, Stalin taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilen Rusyal\u0131 devrimci Tro\u00e7ki’yi evlerinde a\u011f\u0131rlayarak desteklemi\u015fti. Ancak ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n son y\u0131llar\u0131nda Tro\u00e7ki’nin ve sosyalist demokrasinin d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 Stalin’e dair olumlu ifadeleri de vard\u0131r. Bir yaz\u0131s\u0131nda; \u201c\u00dclkemin ve hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn halklar\u0131n tarihini okudum. S\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelelerini ve ekonomik m\u00fccadelelerini \u00e7oktan biliyorum. Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin ve Mao\u2019nun materyalist diyalekti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik anl\u0131yorum. Yeni kom\u00fcnist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n temel direkleri olarak seviyorum onlar\u0131.\u201d demektedir. Ayr\u0131ca Frida Kahlo m\u00fczesinde, Frida’n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki Stalin portresi sergilenmektedir. Frida gibi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc bir sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n Stalin\u2019e sevgi ve hayranl\u0131k duymas\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olmakla birlikte o d\u00f6nemin ko\u015fullar\u0131nda Rusya\u2019da ve Kom\u00fcnist Parti i\u00e7inde ya\u015fananlar\u0131n detayl\u0131 bilinememesi veya emperyalist bask\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 sosyalist devrimin taraf\u0131nda durmak istemesi bunun bir sebebi olabilir. \u00dcyesi oldu\u011fu Meksika Kom\u00fcnist Partisi ile \u00f6rg\u00fctsel ba\u011flar\u0131 veya Tro\u00e7ki\u2019yi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir ucunda buz baltas\u0131yla \u00f6ld\u00fcrtebilen karanl\u0131k bir g\u00fc\u00e7ten duyulan \u00e7ekinme ve i\u00e7ten i\u00e7e korku da olabilir… \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Frida, \u00e7ok ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmesine ra\u011fmen ya\u015famay\u0131 seven ve hayat dolu bir kad\u0131nd\u0131. Belki de bu y\u00fczden son tablosuna \u201cYa\u015fas\u0131n Hayat\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Kaynaklar: <\/i><\/p>\n 1-Marksist D\u00fcnya Tarihi, Neil Faulkner, Yordam Kitap <\/i><\/p>\n 2-Frida Kahlo – A\u015fk ve Ac\u0131, Rauda Jamis, Everest Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 <\/i><\/p>\n 3-Kendi Ger\u00e7e\u011fimin Resmini Yap\u0131yorum, Chistina Burrus, Yap\u0131 Kredi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/i><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 2’den 22’ye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z payla\u015f\u0131mlarda bug\u00fcn Argasdi g\u00fcn\u00fc. Son say\u0131m\u0131zda yer alan Frida dosyas\u0131ndan tarihsel bir arka planla “Frida Ya\u015farken Ya\u015fananlar”\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yoruz sizlerle… Frida’n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1900’l\u00fc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":7466,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,44,9,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/nazen-frida-.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-1Wp","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7465"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7465"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7465\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7467,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7465\/revisions\/7467"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7465"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7465"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}