{"id":7540,"date":"2020-05-22T12:42:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-22T10:42:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=7540"},"modified":"2020-05-22T12:42:39","modified_gmt":"2020-05-22T10:42:39","slug":"salginlarla-bogusan-bir-ada-sifa-alcicioglu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=7540","title":{"rendered":"Salg\u0131nlarla Bo\u011fu\u015fan Bir Ada-\u015eifa Al\u00e7\u0131c\u0131o\u011flu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Adam\u0131z ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klarla ilgili olan makalemiz Argasdi Pandemi \u00f6zel say\u0131s\u0131nda…<\/em><\/p>\n

\"old-cyprus-map\"<\/a>K\u0131br\u0131s adas\u0131, incecik burnu ve giderek geni\u015fleyen girintili \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imiyle haritalarda toplu i\u011fne ba\u015f\u0131 kadar yer kaplayan, m\u00fctevazi bir adac\u0131k gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de \u015fairane bir s\u00f6ylemle \u201cAkdeniz\u2019in incisi\u201d olarak tasvir edilir. Onu bu denli g\u00fczel yapan \u015fey ise Akdeniz\u2019in orta yerinde Asya, Afrika ve Avrupa k\u0131talar\u0131na yak\u0131n bir konumda olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca stratejik konumuna at\u0131f yap\u0131larak bir\u00e7ok medeniyetin hakimiyeti alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da Kud\u00fcs Krallar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u00e7 giydi\u011fi bu \u00f6nemli ada, ticaret gemilerinin s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir liman, \u0130pek Yolu\u2019nu Suriye limanlar\u0131na ba\u011flayan bir ge\u00e7it, Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya giden hac\u0131lar\u0131n dinlenme yeri gibi bir \u00f6neme sahipti. Tek ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n denizle yap\u0131lageldi\u011fi o y\u0131llarda, bu denli konu\u011fu kabul etmesi de onu d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen tehlikelere kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131yordu. Bu tehlikelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda da salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar geliyordu.<\/p>\n

Salg\u0131nlar, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zora sokmu\u015f, beraberinde \u00f6l\u00fcmleri getirmi\u015f hastal\u0131klar olarak \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeyse domuz gribi, ku\u015f gribi, ebola ve son g\u00fcnlerde \u00fclkemiz de dahil t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na bela olan korona (Covid-19)\u2019y\u0131 sayabiliriz. Adam\u0131z\u0131n salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klarla imtihan\u0131 ise hi\u00e7 kolay olmam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan geldi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen c\u00fczzam (lepra) 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara de\u011fin adada var oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lan bir cilt hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. Osmanl\u0131 zaman\u0131nda miskin olarak tabir edilen bu hastal\u0131k i\u00e7in Ma\u011fusa\u2019da bir de \u201cmiskinhane\u201d yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ngiliz zaman\u0131nda binan\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 geni\u015fletilerek ve t\u0131bbi \u00f6nlemler artt\u0131r\u0131larak hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n son bulmas\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z hava ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan ve batakl\u0131klardan dolay\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan s\u0131tma (malaria) ve g\u00f6z enfeksiyonuna sebep olan trahom da adada var olan di\u011fer salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Cobham, Ma\u011fusa ile ilgili notlar\u0131nda, 1559 y\u0131l\u0131nda John Locke\u2019un edindi\u011fi izlenimleri \u015f\u00f6yle aktar\u0131r: \u201cMa\u011fusa\u2019n\u0131n havas\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 de\u011fildi ve iddia edildi\u011fine g\u00f6re ve bu yan\u0131ndaki batakl\u0131k araziden kaynaklan\u0131yordu.\u201d Yazar ayr\u0131ca eyl\u00fcl ve ekim aylar\u0131nda k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011fe neden olan bir g\u00f6z hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan da bahsediyor. Aday\u0131 1563\u2019te ziyaret eden Pesarolu Elia da 2-3 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren ve dayan\u0131lmaz s\u0131z\u0131lar ve ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015flayan bu k\u00f6r edici hastal\u0131ktan bahsetmektedir. Adada b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131mlara yol a\u00e7an bir di\u011fer hastal\u0131k ise vebad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Veba uzun y\u0131llar boyunca K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u00f6ken b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kabustu. Bununla ilgili bir efsane de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Rivayete g\u00f6re g\u00fcneyde bulunan Spilia k\u00f6y\u00fcnde bir veba salg\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve k\u00f6yl\u00fcler hastal\u0131ktan k\u0131r\u0131lmaktaym\u0131\u015f. Bunu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kom\u015fu k\u00f6ye giden k\u00f6yl\u00fcler kendilerini kurtarmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Meryem Ana\u2019ya dua etmi\u015fler. Meryem Ana bu zavall\u0131 insanc\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 duyup vebay\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in Spilia\u2019ya gitmi\u015f. Veba ka\u00e7mak i\u00e7in bir kayaya t\u0131rmanm\u0131\u015f Meryem Ana da yak\u0131ndaki bir kayay\u0131 al\u0131p onu ezmi\u015f. B\u00f6ylece hastal\u0131k yok olmu\u015f ve insanlar iyile\u015fmi\u015f. K\u00f6yde bulunan ve \u00fcst \u00fcste duran iki kayan\u0131n hikayesi bu \u015fekilde anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.(1)<\/p>\n

Veba adl\u0131 bu kara belan\u0131n adada kaydedildi\u011fi ilk tarih 1348\u2019tir. Daha sonra 1409\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131n olmu\u015f ve 1470\u2019te ise veban\u0131n 3 y\u0131l devam ederek n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde yetmi\u015f be\u015finin yok oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.(2)<\/p>\n

Y\u0131l 1563, Ekim 18. Pesarolu Elia Ma\u011fusa\u2019dan \u0130talya\u2019ya bir mektup g\u00f6nderir, \u015fu c\u00fcmleler dikkat \u00e7eker: \u201c\u015eehir sakinleri, Levand\u2019da \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fclen bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klardan ve \u00f6zellikle vebadan, kendilerini korumak i\u00e7in \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterirler. Bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131k olan bir yerden gelenlerin, limandaki karantinada k\u0131rk g\u00fcn kalmadan \u015fehre girmesi olas\u0131 de\u011fildir.\u201d (3)<\/p>\n

Bir di\u011fer gezgin ise Giovanni Mariti, 3 \u015eubat 1760 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a vard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak veba salg\u0131n\u0131 nedeniyle birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra adadan ayr\u0131lmak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu s\u00fcrede sokakta g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc insanlar\u0131n tedbirli davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konsoloslarla kap\u0131 ard\u0131ndan ya da bir kafesin ard\u0131ndan konu\u015ftu\u011funu dile getirir. Mariti: \u201cK\u0131br\u0131s 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r vebadan kurtulmu\u015f durumda. Fakat \u015fimdi, Alexandria\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p Baf a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda batan bir T\u00fcrk xebec\u2019i enkaz\u0131ndan kurtulan baz\u0131 denizciler hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeniden bula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar. Kazazedelerin s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Lefko\u015fa, salg\u0131n\u0131n ilk bula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdi. Ben, daha sonra hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn adaya bula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve o y\u0131l 22.000 ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yol a\u00e7t\u0131ktan sonra ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendim.\u201d (4) der.<\/p>\n

Mariti 1765 y\u0131l\u0131nda da Constantinapoli\u2019den gelen bir gemide salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve sadece 3 m\u00fcrettabat\u0131n sa\u011f kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve gemiden inmelerinin yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Hastalardan 2\u2019si \u00f6l\u00fcr, di\u011ferine ise 40 g\u00fcn karantinada kald\u0131ktan sonra sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan giri\u015f-\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f izni verilir. B\u00f6ylece hastal\u0131k yay\u0131lamadan ortadan kalkar.(5) Osmanl\u0131 zaman\u0131nda limanlarda kurulan karantina merkezleri hastal\u0131klar\u0131n bir nebze \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc almay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiliz zaman\u0131nda ise yap\u0131lan Karantina Yasas\u0131\u2019yla \u00fclkenin kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cYine de 1897 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 salg\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. Lefko\u015fa hastanesi, \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastalar\u0131n\u0131n hizmetine verilmesine ra\u011fmen ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layamaz. Bunun \u00fczerine Lefko\u015fa\u2019da bulunan eski Osmanl\u0131 k\u0131\u015flas\u0131 tamir edilerek, do\u011frudan karantina idaresine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar hastanesi kurulur\u201d (6). Son g\u00fcnlerde ya\u015fanan s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00fclkemizde ne yaz\u0131k ki benzer uygulamalar g\u00f6remiyoruz. Ba\u015fkentte var olan, gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerce neredeyse at\u0131l durumda b\u0131rak\u0131lan tek devlet hastanemiz karantina hastanesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Devletin yeni bir karantina hastanesi yapmamas\u0131 bir yana \u00f6zel hastaneleri kamula\u015ft\u0131rmama yoluna gidip sermayeye k\u0131yak ge\u00e7mesi de tarihe kara bir leke olarak ge\u00e7ecektir.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften edindi\u011fimiz ders a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r; karantina ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n ne denli \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funun bilinciyle hareket edilmelidir. Vir\u00fcs ve bakteriler her d\u00f6nem insanlar\u0131n hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ama her seferinde bir \u00e7are \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ileti\u015fimin, bilimin ilerledi\u011fi bu \u00e7a\u011fda daha da \u015fansl\u0131y\u0131z. \u00dclkemizde de ya\u015fanan bu zor g\u00fcnlerde evde kalman\u0131n kendimizi izole etmenin, vir\u00fcs\u00fcn yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyen en do\u011fru yolu oldu\u011fu bilinciyle hareket etmeliyiz.<\/p>\n

(Bu yaz\u0131 daha \u00f6nce www.ankaradegillefkosa.org sitesinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

Kaynaklar:<\/i><\/p>\n

(1)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i>https:\/\/in-cyprus.philenews.com\/the-tomb-of-panoukla-plague\/<\/i><\/a> <\/i><\/p>\n

(2)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_medicine_in_Cyprus<\/i><\/p>\n

(3)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i>Ma\u011fusa Tarihi: Excerpta Cypria’dan Ma\u011fusa \u015fehri al\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 (M\u00d6.66-MS.1772)<\/i><\/p>\n

Do\u00e7. Dr. Ata Atun, syf.53.<\/i><\/p>\n

(4)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i>1760 K\u0131br\u0131s Adas\u0131\u2019nda Yolculuk, Giovanni Mariti, syf.87.<\/i><\/p>\n

(5)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i>\u00a01760 K\u0131br\u0131s Adas\u0131\u2019nda Yolculuk, Giovanni Mariti, syf.86.<\/i><\/p>\n

(6)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i>K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta Hastaneler, Servet Sami Dede\u00e7ay, syf 25, 82.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i>https:\/\/www.havadiskibris.com\/kibrista-cuzzam-miskinler-ciftligi\/<\/i><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta Karantina Kurumu- Naz\u0131m Beratl\u0131<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Adam\u0131z ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klarla ilgili olan makalemiz Argasdi Pandemi \u00f6zel say\u0131s\u0131nda… K\u0131br\u0131s adas\u0131, incecik burnu ve giderek geni\u015fleyen girintili \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imiyle haritalarda toplu i\u011fne ba\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":7541,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,44,9,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/old-cyprus-map.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-1XC","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7540"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7540"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7540\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7542,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7540\/revisions\/7542"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7540"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7540"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}