*<\/i> Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda Zeno olarak da ge\u00e7en K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Zenon, M.\u00d6 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131llarda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f en \u00f6nemli filozoflardan biridir. <\/i><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
Zeno, 22 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar bir t\u00fcccar iken hayat\u0131n\u0131n ileriki y\u0131llar\u0131nda; yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc krallardan, halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele eden, haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011fram\u0131\u015f \u00f6nderlere kadar bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fiye ilham verecek ve tarihin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirecek bir felsefe okulu kurmu\u015ftur. Bu ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 ona getiren yegane \u015fey ise sahip oldu\u011fu en \u00f6nemli \u015feyi kaybetmesi, gemisinin batmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Gemisi batt\u0131ktan sonra kendini Atina’da bulan Zeno, bir kitap\u00e7\u0131da, Ksenophon’un Sokrates’ten An\u0131lar <\/i>kitab\u0131n\u0131 okumaya koyulur. Okuduklar\u0131ndan etkilenen Zeno, kitap\u00e7\u0131ya Sokrates gibi insanlar\u0131 nerede bulabilece\u011fini sorar. Saatlerdir d\u00fckkan\u0131nda kitap okuyan Zeno’dan kurtulmak isteyen kitap\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n onu o s\u0131rada sokaktan ge\u00e7en Thebesli Krates’e y\u00f6nlerdirmesiyle d\u00f6nemin en \u00f6nemli felsefe okullar\u0131ndan Kinizm ile tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Krates’in yan\u0131ndaki e\u011fitimi bittikten sonra d\u00f6nemin di\u011fer \u00f6nemli felsefe okullar\u0131nda kendini geli\u015ftiren Zeno, M.\u00d6 300 civarlar\u0131nda Stoac\u0131l\u0131k okulunu kurar. Atina’da bulundu\u011fu k\u0131rk y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre boyunca Atinal\u0131lar\u0131n sayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kazan\u0131r ve kendisine alt\u0131ndan bir \u00e7elenk ile surlar\u0131n anahtar\u0131 dahi verilir. Kendisine vatanda\u015fl\u0131k sunulsa da Zeno, \u00f6z vatan\u0131n\u0131n vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmay\u0131 tercih etti\u011fini s\u00f6yler ve teklifi geri \u00e7evirir.<\/p>\n
Bir g\u00fcn okuldan ayr\u0131l\u0131rken merdivenlerden d\u00fc\u015fen ve ayak parmaklar\u0131ndan birini k\u0131ran Zeno, bunu \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn yak\u0131n oldu\u011funun bir i\u015fareti olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve “Geliyorum, geliyorum, neden sen hep beni \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rs\u0131n?” diyerek o g\u00fcn hayat\u0131na son verir. Baz\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re Zeno, d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerde nefesini tutarak kendini \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ki buna inan\u0131p inanmamay\u0131 size b\u0131rak\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n
Zeno’nun eserlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kaybedilmi\u015f olsa da Stoac\u0131 felsefe, Zeno’nun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra da geli\u015fmeye devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Stoac\u0131 felsefenin temel amac\u0131, i\u00e7sel bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flamak ve d\u00fcnya ile uyum i\u00e7inde bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrmektir. \u00d6\u011fretileri, mutlu ve tatmin edici bir hayat ya\u015famaya y\u00f6neliktir. Ki\u015fi mutluluk ve tatmini, zevklerde de\u011fil kendi i\u00e7inde bulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak b\u00f6ylece ki\u015fi, her ko\u015ful alt\u0131nda iyi bir hayat s\u00fcrebilir. Stoac\u0131lara g\u00f6re bunun yolu da erdemli ya\u015famaktan ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n
Erdemler, Stoac\u0131lar i\u00e7in hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli ara\u00e7lard\u0131r. Bir Stoac\u0131 i\u00e7in hayatta kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan her \u015fey erdemli davranmak i\u00e7in bir f\u0131rsatt\u0131r. Bu erdemler: Bilgelik, cesaret, adalet ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Stoac\u0131lara g\u00f6re bilgelik; iyi, k\u00f6t\u00fc ve farks\u0131z\u0131 ay\u0131rt edebilme yetene\u011fidir. \u0130yi; erdemli davranmak, de\u011fi\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131k olmak, zevklere teslim olmamak, hi\u00e7bir duyguya tamamen kendini kapt\u0131rmamakt\u0131r. K\u00f6t\u00fc; sorumluluklardan ka\u00e7mak, a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fc ve gururlu olmak, adaleti hi\u00e7e saymak, \u00e7\u0131kar i\u00e7in ba\u015fkalar\u0131na zarar vermektir. Bu iki terime hepimiz a\u015fikar olsak da Stoac\u0131lara g\u00f6re iyi ve k\u00f6t\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131nda, “farks\u0131z” da vard\u0131r. Farks\u0131z; para, \u00fcn ve mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi toplumsal yap\u0131larla ilgili her \u015feydir. Farks\u0131z \u015feyler \u00f6nemsenmemeli ve fazla de\u011fer verilmemelidir.<\/p>\n
Cesaret; ki\u015finin duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerine bakmaks\u0131z\u0131n do\u011fru bildi\u011fi \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi ve davranmas\u0131d\u0131r. Stoac\u0131lar korku, anksiyete ve arzu gibi duygular\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. As\u0131l \u00f6nemli olan bu duygular\u0131 hissetmemek de\u011fil, bunlara teslim olmamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck; zevklere ve al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klara gere\u011finden fazla ba\u011flanmamak ve yeri geldi\u011finde b\u0131rak\u0131labileceklerini bilmektir. Kaderin ki\u015fiye getirdi\u011fi “iyiliklerin” de\u011feri bilinmeli, tad\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r fakat onlar\u0131n asl\u0131nda birer ihtiya\u00e7 olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve kaybedilebilecek \u015feyler olduklar\u0131n\u0131 unutmamak gerekir.<\/p>\n
Son olarak adalet; di\u011fer t\u00fcm erdemlerin pusulas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir. Ki\u015finin, topluma zarar vermemeye y\u00f6nelik bir i\u00e7sel adaleti olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu erdem, toplumu y\u00fcceltmekten \u00e7ok ona sayg\u0131 duymaya y\u00f6neliktir zira aktif olarak toplum yarar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetmek bu erdemin zorunlu bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmez. Roma’n\u0131n son iyi imparatoru olarak bilinen, Filozof Kral Marcus Aurelius’un s\u00f6zleriyle “… ve sen hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapmayarak da adil olabilirsin.”<\/p>\n
Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda bir Stoac\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fime her zaman a\u00e7\u0131k olmal\u0131 ve hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi kaybetmekten korkmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Hayatla ve varolu\u015fla uyumlu bir \u015fekilde ya\u015famak ancak s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fim halinde olmakla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan sorunlar\u0131n ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilemeyecek ko\u015fullar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmenin anahtar\u0131, ki\u015finin kendisini onlara uyacak \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirmesidir.<\/p>\n
Stoac\u0131l\u0131k \u00fcst\u00fcne benim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ise bu \u00f6\u011fretileri herkesin kendine g\u00f6re yorumlay\u0131p kullanmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde. Sonu\u00e7ta g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131 bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemin d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha farkl\u0131 ve \u00e7ok daha karma\u015f\u0131k. Yine de bu \u00f6\u011fretiler ki\u015finin d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyayla etkile\u015fiminden ziyade i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda kontrol sa\u011flamaya odakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in zamans\u0131zd\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
\u00c7o\u011fumuz, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda oldu\u011fumuzu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz i\u015flerde, gereksiz g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz ama bask\u0131lardan dolay\u0131 gitmeye devam etti\u011fimiz okullarda, inan\u00e7lar\u0131na neyin daha do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan daha fazla \u00f6nem veren bir toplumun i\u00e7inde, hayallerimizden ger\u00e7eklere yava\u015f ve ac\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz, sonu gelmeyen d\u00f6ng\u00fcler i\u00e7inde ya\u015f\u0131yoruz hayatlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131. Fakat bundan as\u0131rlar \u00f6nce, gemisinin bat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 deh\u015fet i\u00e7inde izleyen Zeno gibi ya\u015famaya devam etmeliyiz, erdemli ve kararl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
* Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda Zeno olarak da ge\u00e7en K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Zenon, M.\u00d6 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131llarda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f en \u00f6nemli filozoflardan biridir. \u00a0 Zeno, 22 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar bir<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":7655,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,9,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/cyprus-larnaca-administration-building-colonial-style.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-1Zs","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7654"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7654"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7654\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7656,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7654\/revisions\/7656"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7655"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7654"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7654"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7654"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}