Yaz aylar\u0131ndaki yang\u0131nlardan sonra, do\u011fan\u0131n halini en iyi anlatan ifadeler \u015funlard\u0131: \u201cElimizde hastal\u0131kla t\u00fckenmi\u015f bir bedenin iskeletine benzer bir \u015fey var; bereketli yumu\u015fak toprak tamamen yok olmu\u015f ve yery\u00fcz\u00fcne yaln\u0131zca deri ve kemik kalm\u0131\u015f. Da\u011flar bug\u00fcn de izlerini g\u00f6rebilece\u011fimiz geni\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7larla doluydu. Toprak; \u2026 suyun a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki vadilere akmas\u0131n\u0131 ve d\u00f6rt bir yanda nehirler ve kaynaklar olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan ya\u011f\u0131\u015flardan nasipleniyordu.\u201d<\/p>\n
Bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131n yazar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ya\u015fayan bir \u00e7evreci oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcyseniz \u00e7ok yan\u0131ld\u0131n\u0131z. M\u00d6. 400\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llara ve Platon\u2019a ait!<\/p>\n
Ekoloji sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n, bug\u00fcnk\u00fcnden farkl\u0131 i\u00e7erik ve derecede olmakla birlikte binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce de var oldu\u011funu anlatmak i\u00e7in size bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtmacay\u0131 yapt\u0131m.<\/p>\n
Bir de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden bir al\u0131nt\u0131 yapal\u0131m\u2026 D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en me\u015fhur iklim bilimcisi James Hansen\u2019e g\u00f6re: \u201cD\u00fcnya gezegeni, canl\u0131lar, uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fti\u011fi d\u00fcnya, bildi\u011fimiz iklim \u00e7izgilerine ve sabit k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feritlerine sahip d\u00fcnya, yak\u0131n tehlike alt\u0131ndad\u0131r… \u00dcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc sonu\u00e7, fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmaya devam edilmesi halinde, yaln\u0131zca gezegendeki di\u011fer milyonlarca t\u00fcr\u00fcn de\u011fil bizzat insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da hayat\u0131n\u0131n tehlikeye girece\u011fidir. Ve zaman \u00e7izelgesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczden daha k\u0131sad\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
Peki neredeyse neolitik \u00e7a\u011fa kadar uzanan \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131, ne oldu da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in bir \u00f6l\u00fcm-kal\u0131m meselesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc?<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze do\u011fa ile ili\u015fkimiz<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n
\u0130nsan ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta do\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczd\u00fc ve ona ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Fakat zamanla bu ili\u015fki, insan\u0131n \u00e7evreyi denetlemesi ve hatta \u00e7evre \u00fczerinde egemen olmas\u0131 yolunda de\u011fi\u015fti. Eski \u00e7a\u011flarda bilimin amac\u0131 do\u011fan\u0131n d\u00fczenini anlamak ve onunla uyum i\u00e7inde ya\u015famakt\u0131. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ya\u015fayan bir organizma ve besleyen bir ana \u015feklinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi, insanlar\u0131n eylemleri \u00fczerinde dizginleyici bir unsurdu. Rekabetin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve kapitalizmin geli\u015fmesi ile do\u011fay\u0131 koruyacak etik s\u0131n\u0131r da ortadan kalkt\u0131. Kentle\u015fme ve teknolojideki ilerlemeler, insan\u0131n do\u011fay\u0131 daha fazla i\u015flemesine vesile oldu. Tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinler de insan\u0131n do\u011fan\u0131n efendisi oldu\u011fu fikrini besledi. Sanayi devrimi ve kitlesel \u00fcretime ge\u00e7ilmesi ise d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsan faaliyetleri ile \u00e7evreye verilen zararlar, do\u011fan\u0131n kendini yenileyebilme yetene\u011fi (ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesi) sayesinde ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta fark edilmedi. Ancak zamanla, \u00e7evreye b\u0131rak\u0131lan kirlilik nicel ve nitel olarak artt\u0131 ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eder noktaya geldi. Buna, 1952 y\u0131l\u0131nda Londra\u2019da meydana gelen ve 4000 ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yol a\u00e7an hava kirlili\u011fi \u00f6rnek verilebilir. \u00c7evre felaketlerinin \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 nedeniyle, 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar, duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman dilimleri oldu. \u00c7\u00f6llerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131, ormanlar\u0131n yok olmas\u0131, toprak erozyonu, asit ya\u011fmuru ve kentlerde hava kirlili\u011fi gibi kayg\u0131lar, 1970\u2019lerden itibaren uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fcndeme girdi ama sorunlar bitmedi. 1980\u2019lere gelindi\u011finde, insan faaliyetlerinin gezegen \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir bozulmaya yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u00dcstelik \u00f6ncekilere ek olarak bu sefer, ozon deli\u011fi, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma, biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin azalmas\u0131 gibi t\u00fcm insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in hayati sorunlar da ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u201cKriz\u201d neden \u015fimdi?<\/b><\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlere g\u00f6re g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, gezegenimizin en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunu n\u00fcfusun \u00e7ok fazla olmas\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli artmas\u0131d\u0131r! N\u00fcfusun artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru olmakla birlikte \u00e7evre-ekoloji sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in sadece n\u00fcfusu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmek yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, Malthus\u00e7uluktur. N\u00fcfusun, halk\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7im ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan daha h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fti\u011fini ve yoksullu\u011funun,\u00a0s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc nedeniyle de\u011fil, n\u00fcfusun h\u0131zl\u0131 artmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 meydana geldi\u011fini iddia eden \u0130ngiliz ekonomist Malthus\u2019un (1766-1834) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri Marksizim ve tarih taraf\u0131ndan yan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f, yanl\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sorun, n\u00fcfus sorunu de\u011fil k\u00fcresel adalet sorunudur.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 mistik ekolojistler ise g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki teknolojinin do\u011faya daha fazla ve daha h\u0131zl\u0131 zarar vermesini sebep g\u00f6stermektedir. Oysa teknoloji, kimin elinde ve kimin hizmetinde oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re do\u011fa ve insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in yap\u0131c\u0131 veya y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn do\u011fay\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcp \u201chastal\u0131kla t\u00fckenmi\u015f bir bedenin iskeletine\u201d benzeten \u015fey; b\u00fcy\u00fcmede s\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131mayan, k\u00e2r odakl\u0131 bir iktisadi sistemde ya\u015famam\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ye\u015fil kapitalizm imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131r<\/b><\/p>\n
Kapitalizm, kendi geni\u015flemesinde hi\u00e7bir s\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131maz; ne bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak ekonomide, ne zenginler taraf\u0131ndan istenen k\u00e2rda, ne de \u015firketlerin daha fazla k\u00e2r elde etmesi i\u00e7in insanlar\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirildi\u011fi s\u00fcrekli artan t\u00fcketimde\u2026 B\u00fcy\u00fcme ge\u00e7ici bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in bile durursa sistem krize girer. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kapitalizmde \u00e7evre ve do\u011fa, insanlar\u0131n di\u011fer t\u00fcrlerle birlikte ya\u015famak zorunda oldu\u011fu, belli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 olan bir yer de\u011fil, iktisadi geni\u015fleme s\u00fcrecinde s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gereken bir yerdir. Bu sebeptendir ki; \u015firketler ve onlar\u0131n yanda\u015f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, petrol, gaz ve ba\u015fka madenler gibi do\u011fal kaynaklara eri\u015fimi ve denetimi sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar, bunun i\u00e7in sava\u015flar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rlar. Ancak do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fcmek ve geni\u015flemek zorunda olan bir sistem, sonunda k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 do\u011fal kaynaklar ger\u00e7ekli\u011fiyle y\u00fczle\u015fecektir. Yery\u00fcz\u00fc, y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r hayat\u0131n yeniden \u00fcretilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir ekosistemdir. Bug\u00fcn ise kapitalizmin sosyo-ekonomik sistemi \u00f6yle bir boyuta ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki temel gezegensel s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 zorlamakta, karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, ormanlar, okyanuslar, k\u0131sacas\u0131 yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm ekosistemler g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Mevcut sistemin do\u011fas\u0131nda i\u015fleri yoluna koyabilecek bir nitelik yoktur, bunun i\u00e7in toplumun dibinden ba\u015fka g\u00fc\u00e7lere ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130klimi de\u011fil sistemi de\u011fi\u015ftir!<\/b><\/p>\n
2020\u2019ye Avustralya\u2019daki orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 ile girmi\u015ftik, 2021\u2019de Pandemi\u2019nin vurdu\u011fu darbeye bir de T\u00fcrkiye, Yunanistan ve Avrupa’n\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgeleri ile Kuzey Amerika’da ya\u015fanan yang\u0131nlar eklendi. \u00dclkemizde de can\u0131m\u0131z, ci\u011ferlerimiz yand\u0131 ama h\u00e2l\u00e2 daha bir yang\u0131n helikopteri al\u0131nmad\u0131.<\/p>\n
2021 A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletlere ba\u011fl\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131 \u201c\u0130nsanl\u0131k i\u00e7in k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 alarm\u201d olarak nitelendirilen bir rapor yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Rapora g\u00f6re, gazlar\u0131n atmosfere sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n devam etmesi sonucu 10 y\u0131ldan biraz fazla bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00f6nemli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u015f\u0131labilir, ayr\u0131ca, bu y\u00fczy\u0131l sonunda deniz seviyeleri 2 metreye kadar y\u00fckselebilir. Bu yeni rapor ayn\u0131 zamanda bug\u00fcne kadar deneyimledi\u011fimiz \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n, y\u00fczy\u0131llardan bin y\u0131llara kadar s\u00fcrecek bir zaman diliminde geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayacak \u015fekilde gezegenimizde de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ortaya koyuyor. Okyanuslar \u0131s\u0131nmaya devam edecek ve daha asidik hale gelecek. Da\u011f ve kutup buzullar\u0131 on y\u0131llar veya y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca erimeye devam edecek.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyadaki hemen hemen her devlet, 2015 Paris \u0130klim Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n hedeflerine uymay\u0131 kabul etti ancak bu gibi anla\u015fmalar t\u0131pk\u0131 Kyoto Protokol\u00fc gibi i\u015flevsiz kal\u0131yor ve yeni karbon piyasalar\u0131 yaratmaktan \u00f6teye gidemiyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sorunu yaratanlar, iklimi de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ufak tefek pansumanlar yapsa da sistemi de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye yana\u015fm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u201cDo\u011fa insan\u0131n organik olmayan bedenidir\u201d diyordu Marx. \u015eimdi, \u00e7olak veya k\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcm kalmamak i\u00e7in bedenimize sahip \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131n tam zaman\u0131.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Not: Argasdi say\u0131 48 (\u00c7evrEkoloji dosyas\u0131) sayfa 6\u2019da yer alan \u201cK\u0131z\u0131l-Ye\u015fil Bir Perspektif: Ekososyalizm\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makale, bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak okunabilir.<\/i><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Yaz aylar\u0131ndaki yang\u0131nlardan sonra, do\u011fan\u0131n halini en iyi anlatan ifadeler \u015funlard\u0131: \u201cElimizde hastal\u0131kla t\u00fckenmi\u015f bir bedenin iskeletine benzer bir \u015fey var; bereketli yumu\u015fak toprak tamamen<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":8491,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,9,42,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/957049.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-2cW","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8490"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8490"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8490\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8492,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8490\/revisions\/8492"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8491"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8490"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8490"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}