{"id":8645,"date":"2022-01-30T07:51:56","date_gmt":"2022-01-30T05:51:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=8645"},"modified":"2022-01-30T07:51:56","modified_gmt":"2022-01-30T05:51:56","slug":"30-ocak-1933-hitler-alman-sansolyesi-oldu-mustafa-keleszade","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=8645","title":{"rendered":"30 Ocak 1933: Hitler Alman \u015eans\u00f6lyesi Oldu &#8211; Mustafa Kele\u015fzade"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ocak 1933\u2019te Avusturyal\u0131 bir ailenin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu ve 1. Payla\u015f\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131 gazisi olan Hitler, Almanya\u2019da NAZ\u0130 Partisi lideri olarak h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti. Sonras\u0131 malumunuz; 6 milyon Yahudi\u2019nin, kom\u00fcnist ve e\u015fcinsellerin toplama kamplar\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, asker ve sivil 80 milyon ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en kanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n fitili ate\u015flenmi\u015f oldu. Peki, orta halli bir ailenin uyumsuz \u00e7ocu\u011fu, mimarl\u0131k fak\u00fcltesinden reddedilen bir resim merakl\u0131s\u0131 olan Hitler nas\u0131l t\u00fcm bu olaylar\u0131n tetikleyicisi oldu veya kli\u015fe bir soru ile Hitler mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazansayd\u0131 d\u00fcnya t\u00fcm bu \u015fiddetten kurtulur muydu?<\/p>\n<p>Bu sorular\u0131n cevab\u0131 i\u00e7in Hitler\u2019in hayat\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, 1. Payla\u015f\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 b\u00f6lgede olu\u015fan tabloyu incelememiz gerekiyor. 1. Payla\u015f\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kaybedeni olan Almanya, kazanan devletler taraf\u0131ndan Versay Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 imzalanmaya zorland\u0131. Bu anla\u015fma ile Almanya sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi kontrol\u00fcnde olan pek \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgeyi b\u0131rakmaya zorland\u0131 ve sava\u015f\u0131n sorumlusu ilan edilerek 800 milyar Dolarl\u0131k bir sava\u015f tazminat\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edildi. Ordudaki ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 ve kullanabilece\u011fi silahlar\u0131 da s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu durum 1920\u2019li y\u0131llarda Almanya\u2019y\u0131 hiperenflasyon ve kur krizi ile \u015fekillenen bir ekonomik krize s\u00fcr\u00fckledi. Bir noktada kriz \u00f6ylesine derinle\u015fti ki, sava\u015f sonras\u0131 1 Dolar 7,9 Mark\u2019a e\u015fit iken 1923 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda 1 Dolar, 4,2 katrilyon Mark\u2019a e\u015fit hale geldi. Bu kriz durumu merkez sol ve sa\u011f siyasi \u00f6zneleri y\u0131pratt\u0131. Tam da b\u00f6ylesi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te Hitler\u2019in lideri oldu\u011fu NAZ\u0130 Partisi Kas\u0131m 1923\u2019te k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir grup subayla ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z bir darbe giri\u015fiminde bulundu ve ard\u0131ndan Hitler yarg\u0131lanarak sadece bir y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 hapiste ge\u00e7irece\u011fi d\u00f6rt y\u0131l hapse mahk\u00fbm edildi. Hiperenflasyon, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00e7abalar\u0131 ve sava\u015f tazminat\u0131 alan devletlerin tazminatlar\u0131 biraz azaltmas\u0131n\u0131n etkisi ile 1920\u2019lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nsa da Alman emek\u00e7ilerinin hayat standartlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f devam etti.<\/p>\n<p>Nasyonel Sosyalist \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi (NAZ\u0130), Hitler y\u00f6netiminde anti-kom\u00fcnist, ultra milliyet\u00e7i bir parti olarak ilk se\u00e7imine 1928 senesinde girdi. NAZ\u0130\u2019ler halk\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu sefaletin sebebi olarak Versay Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na ve bunun adaletsiz bir durum oldu\u011funa i\u015faret etmekte, Almanya\u2019y\u0131 eski g\u00fcc\u00fcne kavu\u015fturacaklar\u0131 iddias\u0131nda bulunmaktayd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Yahudileri, ekonomiyi kontrol etmekle su\u00e7lamakta ve i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 sefaletin g\u00fcnah ke\u00e7isi olarak g\u00f6stermekteydiler. 1928 se\u00e7imlerinde ekonomide olu\u015fan g\u00f6rece stabil durumun etkisi ile merkez sol ve sa\u011f siyasetler g\u00fc\u00e7lerini belli oranda korurken NAZ\u0130 Partisi %2,6 oy ald\u0131. Ayn\u0131 se\u00e7imlerde Alman Kom\u00fcnist Partisi de y\u00fczde 10,6\u2019l\u0131k bir oya ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1929 senesinde Almanya, ABD\u2019den bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na yay\u0131lan \u2018B\u00fcy\u00fck Buhran\u2019 ile sars\u0131ld\u0131. Ekonomik kriz, h\u00fck\u00fcmet krizine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve \u00fclke 1930 senesinde erken se\u00e7ime gitti. NAZ\u0130\u2019ler bu se\u00e7imde %18,6\u2019l\u0131k oyla, en y\u00fcksek oyu alan Sosyal Demokratlar\u2019\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 2. s\u0131raya yerle\u015fti. Alman Kom\u00fcnist Partisi ise oylar\u0131n\u0131 %13,6\u2019ya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. 1930 se\u00e7imleri, ekonomik krizin merkez siyasetleri eritirken muhalif partilerin y\u00fckseli\u015fini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serdi. Ekonomik kriz ve beraberinde gelen sistem krizi \u00fclkeyi 1932\u2019de tekrar se\u00e7ime ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. 1929 senesinde %8,5 olan i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 %30\u2019a f\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Halkta sisteme kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6fke birikmi\u015fti. 1932 se\u00e7imleri, bu \u00f6fkeyi \u00f6rg\u00fctleyip sistemi y\u0131kacak bir kurtulu\u015f vaad eden NAZ\u0130 Partisi\u2019ni birincil\u011fe ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Alman Kom\u00fcnist Partisi ise oylar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rsa da %14,3\u2019te kald\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmet kurulamamas\u0131 sonucu ayn\u0131 y\u0131l bir se\u00e7im daha ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. NAZ\u0130\u2019lerin oyu bu se\u00e7imde %33\u2019e geriledi. Kom\u00fcnistler ise %17 oy ald\u0131. Kom\u00fcnistleri sisteme tehdit olarak g\u00f6ren Ba\u015fkan Hindenburg 30 Ocak 1933\u2019te Hitler\u2019i \u015eansolyelik yetkilerini s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rarak, yan\u0131na da sistem i\u00e7i siyasetten yetkilendirilmi\u015f bir \u015eans\u00f6lye Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 koyarak Almanya \u015eans\u00f6lyesi olarak atad\u0131. Hemen ard\u0131ndan 27 \u015eubat\u2019ta Alman meclisi Reichtag\u2019ta b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu yang\u0131n\u0131 bahane eden Hitler, sivil haklar\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131p otoritesini artt\u0131ran bir yasa y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koydu ve muhalifler aras\u0131nda kitlesel tutuklamalara giri\u015fti, t\u00fcm sendikalar yasakland\u0131. Tarih, 14 Temmuz\u2019u g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde Reichtag yang\u0131n\u0131 ard\u0131ndan kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkileri kullanan Hitler, NAZ\u0130\u2019leri tek yasal siyasi parti haline getirdi. Uzun B\u0131\u00e7akl\u0131lar Gecesi olarak bilinen bir operasyonla kendi partisi i\u00e7inde anla\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015filer, kendisini ele\u015ftiren gazeteciler ve muhaliflerin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olay\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Hitler otoritesini mutlak bir hale ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Ba\u015fkan Hindenburg\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k ve \u015eans\u00f6lyelik makamlar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirerek kendisini \u2018F\u00fchrer\u2019 ilan etti.<\/p>\n<p>Ba\u015ftaki sorulara d\u00f6necek olursak; Versay Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Almanya emek\u00e7ilerini getirdi\u011fi durumun, kapitalizmin yay\u0131lmac\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131 ile birle\u015fmesi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z bir ressam\u0131 F\u00fchrer haline getirmi\u015ftir. Almanya\u2019da merkez siyasetlerin \u00e7\u00f6kmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131, tarihsel olarak farkl\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilecek alternatif ise sa\u011fdan y\u00fckselen NAZ\u0130\u2019lerin de\u011fil soldan y\u00fckselen kom\u00fcnistlerin iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeleriydi. Bug\u00fcn, kapitalizmin emek\u00e7ileri ezmeye devam etti\u011fi ve her g\u00fcn yeni sistem krizleri ile y\u00fczle\u015fti\u011fimiz s\u00fcre\u00e7teki ikilem de Alman Devrimci Rosa Luxemburg\u2019un belirtti\u011fi \u00fczere \u201cya sosyalizm, ya barbarl\u0131k\u201d olarak devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/hitler.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8646\" alt=\"hitler\" src=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/hitler.jpg\" width=\"192\" height=\"263\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ocak 1933\u2019te Avusturyal\u0131 bir ailenin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu ve 1. Payla\u015f\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131 gazisi olan Hitler, Almanya\u2019da NAZ\u0130 Partisi lideri olarak h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti. Sonras\u0131 malumunuz; 6<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":8646,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,38,9,42,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/hitler.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-2fr","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8645"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8645"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8645\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8647,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8645\/revisions\/8647"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8646"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8645"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8645"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8645"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}