{"id":8849,"date":"2022-05-13T09:11:31","date_gmt":"2022-05-13T07:11:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=8849"},"modified":"2022-05-13T09:12:09","modified_gmt":"2022-05-13T07:12:09","slug":"ivan-ivanovic-var-miydi-yok-muydu-munur-rahvancioglu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=8849","title":{"rendered":"\u0130van \u0130vanovi\u00e7 Var m\u0131yd\u0131, Yok muydu? – M\u00fcn\u00fcr Rahvanc\u0131o\u011flu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Naz\u0131m Hikmet kimdir? Bir\u00e7ok insan bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr! Oysa bu \u00e7o\u011fu zaman y\u00fczeysel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere dayanan bir yan\u0131lg\u0131d\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn ona ait oldu\u011fu iddia edilen o kadar \u00e7ok kli\u015fe ifade sosyal medyada dola\u015f\u0131yor ki, kom\u00fcnist kimli\u011fi ile ger\u00e7ek Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00e7er\u00e7\u00f6p\u00fcn aras\u0131ndan e\u015feleyerek bulup \u00e7\u0131karmak neredeyse imkans\u0131z gibidir! \u00dcstelik bu karartma \u00f6ylesine etkindir ki, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Naz\u0131m\u2019a uygulanan sans\u00fcrden kat kat daha kal\u0131n bir sis perdesi yaratabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Naz\u0131m Hikmet b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fairdir elbette ama sanat\u00e7\u0131 ki\u015fili\u011fi \u015fiirlerden ibaret de\u011fildir. Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n romanlar\u0131, masallar\u0131, tiyatro metinleri hatta el i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi ile \u00fcretti\u011fi onlarca eseri vard\u0131r. Che Guevara K\u00fcba Ekonomi Bakan\u0131 oldu\u011funda kendisine sorulan \u201csiz ekonomist misiniz?\u201d sorusuna \u201cben kom\u00fcnistim\u201d yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 vererek, sa\u011flam bir kom\u00fcnistin uzmanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 esprili bir \u015fekilde reddetmi\u015fti. T\u0131pk\u0131 bunun gibi Naz\u0131m da tek bir alana s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamayacak kadar \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir ki\u015filiktir. Zaten bir \u015fiirinde ge\u00e7en \u201csevdal\u0131n\u0131z kom\u00fcnisttir, on y\u0131ldan beri hapistir\u201d dizesi ile ba\u015fka bir ba\u011flamda da olsa o da bunu her f\u0131rsatta vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r!<\/p>\n

Kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda kom\u00fcnist kimli\u011fi sanata, sanat\u00e7\u0131 kimli\u011fi \u015fiire, \u015fair kimli\u011fi de a\u015fk \u015fiirlerine hapsedilen bir Naz\u0131m Hikmet var! Ve on y\u0131llardan beridir bu cenderenin i\u00e7erisine hapsedilmi\u015ftir! Ger\u00e7ek Naz\u0131m\u2019a ula\u015f\u0131p onu tan\u0131mam\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki esas engel ise, onu tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sanmaya devam etmekteki temelsiz yan\u0131lg\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r!<\/p>\n

Naz\u0131m Hikmet\u2019in eserleri aras\u0131nda en az bilinenlerinden bir tanesi de \u201c\u0130van \u0130vanovi\u00e7 Var m\u0131yd\u0131, yok muydu?\u201d isimli tiyatro metnidir! Eser 1954 y\u0131l\u0131nda Noviy Mir (Yeni D\u00fcnya) dergisinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f ve 1957 y\u0131l\u0131nda Moskova Satir (Yergi) Tiyatrosu taraf\u0131ndan sahneye konulmu\u015ftur. Oyun sahnelenmesinin hemen ard\u0131ndan, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakan\u0131 Ekaterina Fruntseva\u2019n\u0131n imzas\u0131yla yasaklanarak repertuardan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve SSCB\u2019de bir daha oynanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Oyunun yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Yergi Tiyatrosu ba\u015frejis\u00f6r\u00fc Valentin Plu\u00e7ek K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakan\u0131\u2019na, oyunun y\u00f6netmeni Glekov ise Parti Merkez Komitesi\u2019ne \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131r. Glekov bu ziyaretin hemen ard\u0131ndan g\u00f6revinden istifa eder. \u201cNaz\u0131m\u2019la Yedi Y\u0131l\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 Galina Kolesnikova, bu yasa\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenen Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n uyku hap\u0131 alarak intihar etmeye kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n

Peki izleyiciler taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcthi\u015f bir be\u011feni ile kar\u015f\u0131lanan ancak parti taraf\u0131ndan sans\u00fcrlenen oyun ne hakk\u0131ndad\u0131r? Oyun k\u0131saca, sosyalist bir \u00f6nderin nas\u0131l yozla\u015fabilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin keskin bir ele\u015ftiri olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Sovyet kasabalar\u0131ndan birinde \u00fcst d\u00fczey bir y\u00f6netici olan Petrof, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan ve \u201cinsanlara ka\u011f\u0131tlardan daha \u00e7ok inanan\u201d bir ki\u015fidir. Oyun boyunca ger\u00e7ekten var olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u0130van \u0130vanovi\u00e7 ise onun en yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131d\u0131r! \u00d6vg\u00fcler, pohpohlamalar, y\u00fcceltmeler ve dalkavukluklar aras\u0131nda; halktan kopan bir sosyalistin nas\u0131l bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ge\u00e7irebilece\u011fine ve bu de\u011fi\u015fimin esas sorumlusunun hepimizin i\u00e7inde bulunan \u0130van \u0130vanovi\u00e7\u2019ler oldu\u011funa dair keskin bir uyar\u0131d\u0131r oyun. Naz\u0131m Hikmet kom\u00fcnist bir ayd\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fuyla, Sovyet toplumunun i\u00e7erisinde bulundu\u011fu b\u00fcrokratikle\u015fme s\u00fcrecini Petrof\u2019un \u015fahs\u0131nda sahneye ta\u015f\u0131yarak, sonradan ya\u015fanacaklar\u0131n erken uyar\u0131 zilini \u00e7alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak ne yaz\u0131k ki, bu uyar\u0131 \u00e7oktan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc tamamlam\u0131\u015f parti taraf\u0131ndan \u201ckom\u00fcnist bir ele\u015ftiri\u201d olarak de\u011fil, \u201cbozguncu bir muhaliflik\u201d olarak yorumlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r!<\/p>\n

\u201cYa bizdensin ya bize kar\u015f\u0131\u201d tutumunun kom\u00fcnist harekete de sirayet etti\u011fi So\u011fuk Sava\u015f ortam\u0131nda Naz\u0131m Hikmet\u2019in bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc uyar\u0131s\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de bir yank\u0131 uyand\u0131rmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1970\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n bir\u00e7ok eserinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de bas\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmemize ra\u011fmen, \u201c\u0130van \u0130vanovi\u00e7\u201din ilk bask\u0131s\u0131 1985 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, sahnelenmesi i\u00e7in ise 1991 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 beklemek gerekmi\u015ftir. Belli ki \u201cbizimkilerin\u201d her \u015feyinin g\u00fczel say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde, b\u00f6ylesi bir ele\u015ftiriyi nereye koyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilememi\u015ftir T\u00fcrkiye solu!<\/p>\n

Korkulan \u015fudur ki, Sovyet rejiminin olumsuzluklar da bar\u0131nd\u0131rabilece\u011fi g\u00f6sterilirse; kom\u00fcnizm d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 bundan yarar sa\u011flayacaklard\u0131r! Sosyalizmin bir cennet olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kusursuz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenilirse; insanlar sosyalizm i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmeyeceklerdir! Oysa sosyalizm ger\u00e7ekten de bir cennet de\u011fildir, kusursuz de\u011fildir ve s\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z toplumu hedefleyen m\u00fccadele de sosyalist devrimden sonra sona ermez. \u00dcstelik ba\u015fta Marx ve Engels olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn sosyalist \u00f6nderler de bunu zaten defalarca vurgulam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r! Sosyalist bir rejimi \u201ckusursuz\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlamak ona yap\u0131labilecek en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckt\u00fcr! Olgularla y\u00fczle\u015fmekten ka\u00e7\u0131p inkara saplanmak, ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirmez ve ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir \u015fey duramaz!<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden altm\u0131\u015f sekiz, SSCB\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde otuz bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra \u201c\u0130van \u0130vanovi\u00e7\u201d bug\u00fcn ne anlam ta\u015f\u0131yor? Kapitalistler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan anlam\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz, onlar diyorlar ki \u201cKom\u00fcnizm bask\u0131c\u0131 ve sans\u00fcrc\u00fc bir rejimdir, \u00fcstelik bu rejim insan do\u011fas\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r!\u201d<\/p>\n

Oysa Naz\u0131m Hikmet\u2019in bu tiyatro metni bize Petrof ve \u0130van \u0130vanovi\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadeleyi aktar\u0131rken hem tehlikeyi hem de \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolunu g\u00f6stermektedir. Petrof\u2019un \u0130van \u0130vanovi\u00e7\u2019e teslim olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 nokta, kendini halktan kopard\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktad\u0131r! \u0130van \u0130vanovi\u00e7\u2019in Petrof kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda gerilemesi ise Petrof\u2019un yeniden halk\u0131n aras\u0131na kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan itibaren ba\u015flar! Oyunun bug\u00fcn hala ge\u00e7erli olan anlam\u0131 da burada yatmaktad\u0131r: Halk yoksa kom\u00fcnizm de yoktur. Yetenekli \u00f6nderler, \u00e7ok bilen uzmanlar, inanm\u0131\u015f liderler; halk yoksa bir anlam ifade etmemektedirler! Bug\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz yerden kalkman\u0131n yolu halkla bulu\u015fmaktan ge\u00e7mektedir!<\/p>\n

\u0130van \u0130vanovi\u00e7 var m\u0131d\u0131r? Yoksa yok mudur? \u0130van \u0130vanovi\u00e7 biz onu ciddiye al\u0131p varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti\u011fimiz oranda yoktur; biz \u0130van \u0130vanovi\u00e7\u2019i inkar etti\u011fimiz oranda vard\u0131r! Onunla y\u00fczle\u015fmekten ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z oranda vard\u0131r, onunla y\u00fczle\u015fti\u011fimiz oranda yoktur! Halk varsa \u0130van \u0130vanovi\u00e7 yoktur, halk yoksa \u0130van \u0130vanovi\u00e7 vard\u0131r! Naz\u0131m bize bunu s\u00f6yler, i\u015fte onu kom\u00fcnist yapan da budur!<\/p>\n

\"m\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Naz\u0131m Hikmet kimdir? Bir\u00e7ok insan bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr! Oysa bu \u00e7o\u011fu zaman y\u00fczeysel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere dayanan bir yan\u0131lg\u0131d\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn ona ait oldu\u011fu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,38,42,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-2iJ","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8849"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8849"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8849\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8851,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8849\/revisions\/8851"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8849"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8849"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8849"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}