{"id":9050,"date":"2022-09-06T09:30:59","date_gmt":"2022-09-06T07:30:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=9050"},"modified":"2022-09-06T09:30:59","modified_gmt":"2022-09-06T07:30:59","slug":"siddete-ve-esitsizlige-karsi-fircasina-sarilarak-direnen-bir-kadin-artemisia-cansu-n-nazli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=9050","title":{"rendered":"\u015eiddete ve E\u015fitsizli\u011fe Kar\u015f\u0131 F\u0131r\u00e7as\u0131na Sar\u0131larak Direnen Bir Kad\u0131n: Artemisia – Cansu N. Nazl\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Genelde sanat, \u00f6zelde resim sanat\u0131 alan\u0131; tarihte pek \u00e7ok kamusal alanda oldu\u011fu gibi kad\u0131nlar\u0131n m\u00fccadele ile girmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar olmu\u015ftur. Hayat\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm zorluklara ra\u011fmen dik durmay\u0131 ve \u00fcreterek ya\u015fama ba\u011flanmay\u0131 ba\u015faran ressam kad\u0131n denince pop\u00fcler k\u00fclt\u00fcrde ikon haline gelmi\u015f Frida akl\u0131m\u0131zda belirir. Ancak en az Frida\u2019n\u0131nki kadar zor bir hayat ya\u015famas\u0131na ra\u011fmen kad\u0131nlar\u0131n dahil olmas\u0131n\u0131n yasak oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde resim sanat\u0131nda \u00f6nemli ba\u015far\u0131lar elde eden Artemisia pek az bilinir.<\/p>\n

Resime \u2018bula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 i\u00e7in ba\u015f\u0131na gelen k\u00f6t\u00fc olaylar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda f\u0131r\u00e7as\u0131na sar\u0131larak direnen bir kad\u0131n Artemisia Gentileschi. D\u00f6nemde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan di\u011fer kad\u0131n ressamlar gibi o da babas\u0131 bir ressam oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in resimle yollar\u0131 kesi\u015fmi\u015f. \u0130lgili y\u0131llarda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sanatla profesyonel olarak ilgilenmesi, ressaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 meslek olarak edinmesi imkans\u0131z, n\u00fc tablo yapmas\u0131 ise zinhar yasak! \u0130\u015fte b\u00f6yle bir d\u00f6nemde Caravaggio\u2019nun resim tekniklerini uygulayan babas\u0131 Orazia Gentileschi\u2019nin at\u00f6lyesinde resim yapmaya ba\u015flay\u0131p kendini geli\u015ftiren Artemisia, zaman i\u00e7erisinde babas\u0131n\u0131n resimlerini tamamlayacak yetkinli\u011fe eri\u015fiyor. \u0130lgili d\u00f6nem ba\u015fka ressam kad\u0131nlar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ekince duysa da k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n yetene\u011fini geli\u015ftirmesi i\u00e7in arkada\u015f\u0131 ressam Agostino Tassi\u2019nin at\u00f6lyesine \u00e7\u0131rak olarak girmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7izim i\u00e7in model olarak \u00e7\u0131plak poz veren fahi\u015feler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n resim at\u00f6lyesine dahi al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu y\u0131llarda Artemisia \u00e7\u0131rak olarak girdi\u011fi resim at\u00f6lyesinde ustas\u0131 Tassi taraf\u0131ndan tecav\u00fcze u\u011frar. Artemisia\u2019n\u0131n tecav\u00fcz olay\u0131 t\u00fcm biyografilerinde geni\u015f yer kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu olay hat\u0131rlanmay\u0131 hak eden \u00f6nemli ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6lgede b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tecav\u00fcz olay\u0131 ile ilgili detaylara yer vermeyi bilin\u00e7li olarak tercih etmeyece\u011fiz. \u015eu kadar\u0131n\u0131 belirtelim, mahkeme s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ve sonras\u0131 olduk\u00e7a travmatik ve zor oldu\u011fu halde Artemisia\u2019n\u0131n resimle olan ser\u00fcveni bitmek bir yana daha da derinle\u015ferek geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sanat Akademisine Kabul Edilen \u0130lk Kad\u0131n<\/b><\/p>\n

Roma\u2019dan ayr\u0131lmak zorunda kalan Artemisia Floransa\u2019ya yerle\u015fir ve Floransa\u2019da Sanat Akademisi\u2019ne kabul edilen ilk kad\u0131n olur. Burada mesle\u011fini icra ederek hayat\u0131n\u0131 ve toplum i\u00e7inde hak etti\u011fi sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131r. Sonras\u0131nda ise k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine Roma\u2019ya geri d\u00f6nen Artemisia \u00fcnl\u00fc bir portre ressam\u0131 haline gelece\u011fi Venedik\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n Bak\u0131\u015f A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve Kad\u0131n Tasvirlerindeki De\u011fi\u015fim<\/b><\/p>\n

Artemisia\u2019n\u0131n sanat akademisine ilk kabul edilen kad\u0131n olmas\u0131 ve bir kad\u0131n olarak ge\u00e7imini ressaml\u0131k mesle\u011finden sa\u011flayacak kadar \u00fcnl\u00fc ve yetkin bir sanat\u00e7\u0131 olmas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sanat tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir etkisi daha vard\u0131r: \u0130ncil\u2019de yahut Mitolojide s\u0131k s\u0131k resime konu olaran hikayeleri tablosuna aktar\u0131rken, meslekta\u015f\u0131 olan erkeklerden farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde tasvir etti\u011fi kad\u0131n fig\u00fcrleri g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar. Burada bahsedilen fark\u0131n daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in iki \u00f6nemli \u00f6rne\u011fi, ba\u015fka \u00fcnl\u00fc erkek ressamlar\u0131n da i\u015fledi\u011fi ayn\u0131 konuyu ele alan resimlerle birlikte payla\u015f\u0131yoruz. Kad\u0131n bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ayn\u0131 olay\u0131n farkl\u0131 tasvir edildi\u011fini en iyi g\u00f6steren \u00f6rnek,\u00a0 \u201cSusanna and The Elders\u201disimli tablolar aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Tevrat\u2019taki bir hikayede, gen\u00e7 bir kad\u0131n olan Susanna\u2019n\u0131n bah\u00e7ede banyo yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada iki ya\u015fl\u0131 erkek taraf\u0131ndan tacize u\u011framas\u0131 konu al\u0131n\u0131r. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131 olan erkek ressam R\u00f6nesans ve Barok d\u00f6nemin di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok eserinde oldu\u011fu gibi kad\u0131n\u0131 seyirlik bir nesne olarak \u00e7iziyor, hikayede cinsel \u015fiddete u\u011frayan bir kad\u0131n\u0131n rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ok kendini te\u015fhir edip amiyane tabir ile \u2018tecav\u00fcze davetiye\u2019 \u00e7\u0131karan bir kad\u0131n fig\u00fcr\u00fc tasvir ediliyor. Bunun en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi olan \u0130talyan Ressam Tintoretto\u2019nun \u201cSusanna and The Elders\u201d yorumuna en iyi de\u011ferlendirmeyi G\u00f6rme Bi\u00e7imleri isimli kitab\u0131nda John Berger yap\u0131yor: \u201c\u00c7\u0131plak bir kad\u0131n resmi yap\u0131l\u0131yordu \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7\u0131plak bir kad\u0131na bakmaktan zevk duyuluyordu\u2026\u201d <\/i><\/p>\n

Resim yapanlar\u0131n da resim tablolar\u0131n\u0131 sipari\u015f edip sat\u0131n alanlar\u0131n da erkek oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde Berger\u2019in ifade etti\u011fi bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hakim olmas\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir durum. Ancak ayn\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda ya\u015fay\u0131p o g\u00fcne dek y\u00fczlerce usta ressam\u0131n tasvir etti\u011fi bu hikayeyi \u00e7\u0131plak kad\u0131n te\u015fhirinden kurtar\u0131p tacize u\u011frayan bir kad\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu rahats\u0131z ve \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc durumu resmetmesi Artemisia\u2019n\u0131n bir kad\u0131n olarak resimde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki kad\u0131n\u0131n bir erke\u011fin kafas\u0131n\u0131 kesti\u011fi o \u00fcrpertici sahneyi resmeden tablo ile tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Artemisia burada ise, \u00f6nemli bir temsilcisi olarak kabul edildi\u011fi Barok Ustas\u0131 Caravaggio\u2019nun deyim yerindeyse pabucunu dama atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pek \u00e7ok sanat tarih\u00e7inin Caravaggio ile onun \u00f6nemli bir takip\u00e7isi kabul edilen Artemisia\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0 \u2018Judith Beheading Holofernes\u2019 <\/i>yorumlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131yaslayacak kadar denk kabul etmektedir. Bu tablolarda, \u0130ncil\u2019de yer alan bir hikaye olan, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fehir ku\u015fat\u0131l\u0131nca Asurlular\u0131n generali Holofernes\u2019i kand\u0131r\u0131p yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ile birlikte \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek \u015fehrini \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe kavu\u015fturan Judith\u2019in hikayesi konu ediliyor. Kan\u0131mca, Artemisia yorumunda ustas\u0131 Caravaggio\u2019ya k\u0131yasla, iki kad\u0131n\u0131n bir generali \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi fiziksel g\u00fcc\u00fcn daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir cesaretle yap\u0131lan bu eylemin ruhunun ise kad\u0131nlar\u0131n y\u00fcz ifadesinde de daha etkili aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylersek san\u0131yorum ki Caravaggio\u2019ya haks\u0131zl\u0131k etmi\u015f olmay\u0131z.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

\u201cSize bir kad\u0131n\u0131n neler yapabilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterece\u011fim!\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda toplumun kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne koydu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck engellere kar\u015f\u0131 f\u0131r\u00e7as\u0131na sar\u0131larak direnen bu kad\u0131n, kad\u0131n oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenince resim sipari\u015f vermekten vazge\u00e7meye yeltenen m\u00fc\u015fterisine dedi\u011fi gibi, bir kad\u0131n\u0131n neler yapabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir, sadece ona de\u011fil hepimize, cesaretle…<\/p>\n

\"Artemisia-Gentileschi-Judith-Beheading-Holofernes\"<\/a> \"diren<\/a> \"img-Giuditta-che-decapita-Oloferne-<\/a> \"SONY<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Genelde sanat, \u00f6zelde resim sanat\u0131 alan\u0131; tarihte pek \u00e7ok kamusal alanda oldu\u011fu gibi kad\u0131nlar\u0131n m\u00fccadele ile girmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar olmu\u015ftur. Hayat\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm zorluklara<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":9052,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,38,9,42,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/diren-resim-ile.png","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-2lY","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9050"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9050"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9050\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9056,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9050\/revisions\/9056"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9052"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}