{"id":9652,"date":"2023-08-25T10:52:38","date_gmt":"2023-08-25T08:52:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=9652"},"modified":"2023-08-25T10:52:38","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T08:52:38","slug":"soz-ucar-yazi-kalir-nazen-sansal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/?p=9652","title":{"rendered":"S\u00f6z U\u00e7ar, Yaz\u0131 Kal\u0131r &#8211; Nazen \u015eansal"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i>Kral Thamus bir keresinde say\u0131lar, hesaplama, geometri, astronomi ve yaz\u0131 dahil bir\u00e7ok \u015feyin mucidi tanr\u0131 Theuth\u2019u a\u011f\u0131rlar. Theuth, Kral Thamus\u2019a bulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sergiler ve bu bulu\u015flar\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da \u00f6\u011frenilmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Thamus b\u00fct\u00fcn bulu\u015flar\u0131n ne i\u015fe yarad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 inceler. Her bir bulu\u015fu be\u011fenip be\u011fenmedi\u011fini dile getirir. S\u0131ra yaz\u0131ya gelince Theuth \u201cSay\u0131n Kral\u0131m, bu M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n bilgeli\u011fini ve haf\u0131zalar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirecek bir ba\u015far\u0131d\u0131r. Bilgeli\u011fin ve haf\u0131zan\u0131n re\u00e7etesini buldum.\u201d der. Thamus ise: \u201cEy mucitlerin piri, icat yapmak ayr\u0131 \u015fey, icad\u0131n onu kullananlara fayda m\u0131 yoksa zarar m\u0131 getirece\u011fini kestirmek ayr\u0131 \u015fey. Harflerin babas\u0131 olan sen, kendilerine duydu\u011fun sevgi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla onlardan, verecekleri neticenin tam aksi bir neticeyi bekliyorsun. Yaz\u0131y\u0131 kullanmaya ba\u015flayanlar haf\u0131zalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktan vazge\u00e7ecekler ve unutkanla\u015facaklar. Bir \u015feyleri hat\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in i\u00e7 kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak yerine harici bir tak\u0131m i\u015faretlere bel ba\u011flayacaklar. Sen haf\u0131za i\u00e7in de\u011fil, hat\u0131rlama i\u00e7in bir re\u00e7ete ke\u015ffettin. Bilgeli\u011fe gelince; \u00d6\u011frencilerin, hakikati olmayan bilgelikleri sayesinde \u015f\u00f6hrete ula\u015facaklar fakat asl\u0131nda bir yol g\u00f6stericiden yoksun \u00f6\u011frencilerin sadece malumat sahibi olacaklar. Sonu\u00e7ta belki bilgili say\u0131lacaklar ama bir\u00e7ok \u015feyin cahili olacaklar. Ger\u00e7ek birer bilge olmak yerine bilgele\u011fini gururuyla yetinen bu insanlar toplum i\u00e7in birer y\u00fck haline gelecekler. (Sokrates&#8217;ten aktaran Neil Postman, Teknopoli)<\/i><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Yaz\u0131, duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin form, sembol, i\u015faret ve harflerle ifade edilen, \u00e7e\u015fitli materyallerle bi\u00e7imlendirilerek farkl\u0131 ortamlara kaydedilen bir ileti\u015fim arac\u0131d\u0131r. Ma\u011fara resimleri ile ba\u015flayan yaz\u0131n\u0131n ser\u00fcveni S\u00fcmerlerin \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n hiyeroglif yaz\u0131s\u0131, daha sonra Fenikelilerin fonetik alfabe yaz\u0131s\u0131 ile geli\u015ferek \u0130branice, Arap\u00e7a, Latince\u2019ye ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz dillerine do\u011fru evrilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylelikle yaz\u0131, bir uygarl\u0131ktan bir uygarl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7erken bir yandan da kil tabletlerden papir\u00fcse, papir\u00fcsten par\u015f\u00f6mene, par\u015f\u00f6menden k\u00e2\u011f\u0131da, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131ttan diijital ekrana ge\u00e7erek tarihsel ser\u00fcvenine devam etmektedir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te bi\u00e7imleri ve uygulama y\u00fczeyleri de\u011fi\u015fse de yaz\u0131n\u0131n pek \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 y\u00fczey \u00fczerine uygulanabilir ve okunabilir olmas\u0131, duygu, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, bilim ve sanat\u0131 kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131p bir co\u011frafyadan \u00f6tekine, ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelece\u011fe aktarmas\u0131, onu vazge\u00e7ilmez k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla birlikte insanl\u0131k tarihinde yaz\u0131n\u0131n icad\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemler, yaz\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011flardan \u00e7ok daha uzundur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u00f6zden yaz\u0131ya\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk modern insan kabul edilen homo sapiensler, 200 bin &#8211; 300 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce insans\u0131 atalar\u0131ndan\/analar\u0131ndan evrimle\u015fmi\u015f ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce dil yetene\u011fini geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Konu\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenen insanlar, plan yapabilme, sorun \u00e7\u00f6zebilme, organize olup birlikte hareket edebilme becerisini kazanman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra deneyimlerini, s\u00f6zl\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcrle ku\u015fakta ku\u015fa\u011fa devredebilmeye de ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bin y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcregelen s\u00f6zl\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve aktar\u0131m, yaz\u0131n\u0131n icad\u0131ndan sonra da ve halen insan toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fiminde \u00f6nemli bir yer tutar. Bunun bir sebebi, yaz\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu y\u0131llardan (M.\u00d6. 3500), okur-yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 paras\u0131z zorunlu e\u011fitime (19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131na) kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrede yaz\u0131y\u0131 sadece s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir kesimin kullanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir di\u011fer sebebi ise asl\u0131nda bir teknoloji olan yaz\u0131n\u0131n, d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re farkl\u0131la\u015fan bir tak\u0131m ara\u00e7 gerece ihtiya\u00e7 duymas\u0131 ve bu ara\u00e7lara ula\u015f\u0131m ve denetimin, genellikle g\u00fc\u00e7 sahibi s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n elinde olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn \u201cs\u00f6z u\u00e7ar, yaz\u0131 kal\u0131r\u201d dedi\u011fimizde anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015fey; yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n kal\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu, nesilden nesile devredildi\u011fi oysa s\u00f6zl\u00fc anlat\u0131n\u0131n yok olup gitti\u011fidir. Ancak i\u015fin asl\u0131, insanl\u0131k tarihinin \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yaz\u0131, yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde kalm\u0131\u015f, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir kesim taraf\u0131ndan okunabilmi\u015f, temel ya\u015famsal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n pe\u015finde olan halk\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun ilgisine mazhar olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z ise (\u015fiir, m\u00fczik ve dans gibi i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f rit\u00fcellerle) dilden dile, ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa hatta k\u0131tadan k\u0131taya u\u00e7up yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yaz\u0131, egemenlerin ihtiyac\u0131ndan do\u011fmu\u015f bir teknolojidir<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ma\u011fara resimleri sistematik bir yaz\u0131 olarak kabul edilmedi\u011finden, yaz\u0131y\u0131 ilk kullananlar, M.\u00d6. 3500 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Mezopotamya&#8217;da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan S\u00fcmer uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan M\u0131s\u0131r, Anadolu, Orta Amerika\u2019da kullan\u0131lan yaz\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri gelir.<\/p>\n<p>Sait Faik\u2019in \u201cHaritada Bir Nokta\u201d \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde yer alan ve yazar\u0131n \u015fahit oldu\u011fu bir adaletsizlik kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tepkisinin yo\u011funlu\u011funu g\u00f6steren \u201cyazmasam deli olacakt\u0131m\u201d t\u00fcmcesi ne kadar ho\u015f olsa da yaz\u0131n\u0131n icat edilme sebebi, toplumu y\u00f6neten ruhban s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n, tap\u0131naklara, halktan toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7etelesini tutabilme ihtiyac\u0131d\u0131r. Hangi k\u00f6y\u00fcn ne kadar bu\u011fday veya yemi\u015f getirdi\u011fi, hangi k\u00f6y\u00fcn getirmedi\u011fi, tap\u0131nakta o y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7irecek kadar yiyecek olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nabilmesi amac\u0131yla ilk yaz\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bereketli topraklar\u0131n istila edilmesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan sava\u015flarda kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7 gerecin, bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fcretim art\u0131p ticaret geli\u015ftik\u00e7e ticari s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin, birlikte ya\u015fama (hukuk) kurallar\u0131n\u0131n kayd\u0131n\u0131 tutmaya yarayan yaz\u0131, zamanla duygular\u0131n ifadesi i\u00e7in bir ara\u00e7 olarak da kullan\u0131lmaya evrilir. Hitit tabletlerinde, duygusal sesleni\u015f \u00f6rneklerine rastlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Her teknoloji gibi yaz\u0131 da, sadece egemenlerin i\u015fine yaramakla kalmaz, bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcne dahi \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve bulu\u015flar\u0131 el yazmas\u0131 kitaplara aktar\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130skenderiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi (M.\u00d6. 4. &#8211; M.S. 2. y\u00fczy\u0131l), papir\u00fcslere yaz\u0131larak rulo \u015feklinde saklanan yakla\u015f\u0131k 900.000 el yazmas\u0131na sahipti. K\u00fct\u00fcphane, yay\u0131nevi g\u00f6revi de g\u00f6rmekteydi. Akdeniz, Ortado\u011fu, \u0130ran gibi medeniyetlere ait pek \u00e7ok el yazmas\u0131 eserin Yunanca \u00e7eviri ve kopyalar\u0131 burada haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f; uzak bir yerden bir el yazmas\u0131 eser alabilmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck mebla\u011flar \u00f6denmi\u015ftir. K\u00fct\u00fcphanede, antik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n matematik, geometri, astronomi, co\u011frafya gibi alanlardaki en \u00fcnl\u00fc bilginlerinin ve filozoflar\u0131n\u0131n okullar\u0131 da vard\u0131. Ancak deyim yerindeyse \u201csen, ben, bizim o\u011flan\u201d misali (tabii bir de bizim k\u0131z var; Hypatia), kendi aralar\u0131nda belirli bir z\u00fcmreye hitap eden ve bilimi halkla bulu\u015fturma gere\u011fi duymayan \u0130skenderiye alimleri, k\u00fct\u00fcphanedeki de\u011ferli el yazmalar\u0131 gibi yok edilmi\u015f, mak\u00fbs talihin kurbanlar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. O d\u00f6nem kilisenin bask\u0131 ve k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131yla ya\u015fanan mak\u00fbs kader, dinsel ba\u011fnazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, \u00e7a\u011flar boyunca ve halen farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle yaz\u0131n\u0131n ve kitab\u0131n iktidar\u0131n\u0131 elinde bulundurma \u00e7abas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bug\u00fcn art\u0131k Roma d\u00f6nemi veya Naziler gibi okunmas\u0131n\u0131 istemedikleri kitaplar\u0131 yakmak \u201cout\u201d olsa da yaz\u0131 (ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla toplumun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce iklimi) \u00fczerindeki iktidar m\u00fccadelesi h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u201cin\u201d ve i\u00e7eri\u011fe ili\u015fkin k\u00e2h a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a k\u00e2h sinsice m\u00fcdahalelerle devam ediyor. Bu konuyu yaz\u0131n\u0131n son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00fclasa, yaz\u0131n\u0131n icad\u0131 ve zamanla yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bug\u00fcne ve gelece\u011fe uzanan geli\u015fim \u00e7izgisindeki en \u00f6nemli k\u0131r\u0131lma noktalar\u0131ndan biridir. Matbaan\u0131n geli\u015fimiyle derinlik kazanan bu k\u0131r\u0131lma, sonraki y\u0131llarda icat edilecek t\u00fcm teknolojilerin de zeminini olu\u015fturur. Ancak \u201cteknoloji\u201d denince, yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n veya geli\u015fmi\u015f elektronik sistemlerin akla geldi\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yaz\u0131, bir teknoloji gibi alg\u0131lanmamaktad\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda bu durum g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131n\u0131n, yaz\u0131y\u0131 tamamen i\u00e7selle\u015ftirmi\u015f ve benli\u011finin ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline getirmi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. Ancak yaz\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de alfabeli yaz\u0131, \u00f6nemli bir teknolojidir. Dahas\u0131 yaz\u0131, matbaa ve bilgisayar teknolojilerine g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha zorlay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yaz\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnde s\u00f6zl\u00fc, yani konu\u015fmaya dayal\u0131 olan kelimeyi g\u00f6rsel mek\u00e2na yerle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hem matbaa hem de bilgisayar, dinamik sesi, suskun mek\u00e2na indiren ve kelimeyi ya\u015fanan andan koparan yaz\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolda ilerlemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tipografi insan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>15. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren matbaan\u0131n kullan\u0131ma girmesiyle, \u00f6zellikle Avrupa&#8217;da, s\u00f6zl\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcr d\u00f6nemi yerini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve bas\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcre b\u0131rak\u0131r. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar bo\u015f zaman ve okuma-yazma imk\u00e2n\u0131 sadece bilim insanlar\u0131na, filozoflara ve soylulara \u00f6zg\u00fcyken, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda t\u00fcccarlar ve kad\u0131nlar da okuma-yazma ve edebiyat yapma zevkini tatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaysa sanayinin geli\u015fmesiyle \u015fehirlerde nitelikli i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmu\u015f ve paras\u0131z zorunlu e\u011fitimin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla, bilgiden yararlanmak demokratikle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Matbaan\u0131n mutlak egemenli\u011finin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 18. ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131llar, analitik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin, akla ve d\u00fczene de\u011fer vermenin \u00f6n planda oldu\u011fu \u00e7a\u011flard\u0131r. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi ve sanat\u0131 yayma, geli\u015ftirme, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme ve irdeleme becerisini geli\u015ftirir. Ayd\u0131nlanma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n torunlar\u0131 olan bu d\u00f6nemin insan\u0131na, \u201cTelevizyon \u00d6ld\u00fcren E\u011flence\u201d kitab\u0131nda \u201ctipografi insan\u0131\u201d diyen Neil Postman, \u201ctipografi kafas\u0131\u201dn\u0131n sistematik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye, neden-sonu\u00e7 mant\u0131k zincirine, yoruma do\u011fru g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir y\u00f6nelim ve e\u011filim sergiledi\u011fini s\u00f6yler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ortal\u0131kta ne \u201cyorma kafan\u0131!\u201d ne de \u201cedebiyat par\u00e7alama!\u201d gibi z\u0131rva telkinler vard\u0131r. Aksine, kafa yorman\u0131n, yani yorumlaman\u0131n ve edebi hassasiyetin, insanl\u0131k ad\u0131na olmazsa olmaz say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce iklimi hakimdir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu iklim, \u00f6nce televizyon ard\u0131ndan g\u00f6rsel ve sosyal medya ile bir hayli de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olsa da (bu konu dergimizin bir ba\u015fka yaz\u0131s\u0131nda ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan burada girmiyorum) yazmak, okumak ve bunlar\u0131n derli toplu cisimle\u015fti\u011fi ara\u00e7 olan kitaplar ne iyi ki h\u00e2l\u00e2 hayat\u0131m\u0131zda. Ama&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yaz\u0131yoruz, okuyoruz da ne yaz\u0131yoruz, ne okuyoruz?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Taylan Kara, \u201cEdebiyatla Ahmakla\u015ft\u0131rma Felsefeyle \u00c7\u00f6kertme\u201d adl\u0131 kitap serisine ba\u015flarken, her \u00fcretim bi\u00e7iminin kendi ekonomisini ve politik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu gibi kendi k\u00fclt\u00fcrel sistemini de kurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; bunu da sermaye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra edebiyatla, kitapla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Edebiyat ve felsefe az say\u0131da insan\u0131n u\u011fra\u015f\u0131 olsa da toplumlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkiler; toplumlar okuma al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmasa bile, edebiyat ve felsefeyle yarat\u0131lan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ikliminde \u015fekillendirilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin sosyalizmin reel bir se\u00e7enek olarak var oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerde veya 1980 \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrkiyesinde edebiyat\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle de klasik eserlerin \u00e7evirilmesinin sol de\u011ferleri yaratmadaki i\u015flevi \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc. Deniz Gezmi\u015f, kendisine nas\u0131l solcu oldu\u011fu soruldu\u011funda \u201cBiz edebiyattan geldik\u201d demi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz entelekt\u00fcellerinin ve yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n pek \u00e7o\u011fuysa bilerek veya bilmeyerek ak\u0131ls\u0131zl\u0131k \u00fcretmekte, insan\u0131n nesnel ger\u00e7eklikle kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fkiyi zay\u0131flatarak okuru ahmakla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn hakim olan edebiyat, yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bireyci ve karamsar karakterlerle kabaca; d\u00fcnyan\u0131n alg\u0131lanabilir ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir bir yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131za raz\u0131 olmam\u0131z\u0131, ko\u015fullar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiremeyece\u011fimizi, onlarla uzla\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131, i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyam\u0131za odaklanmam\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k veya \u00f6rt\u00fck olarak a\u015f\u0131lar. Bu, tesad\u00fcfi de\u011fil, ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bilen sermaye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bilin\u00e7li bir prati\u011fidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu postmodern bulama\u00e7 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda, yazmak ve okumak tek ba\u015f\u0131na olumlu bir anlam ifade etmemektedir. Bilinci uyu\u015fturan, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcten, yava\u015flatan, \u00e7eli\u015fkileri keskinle\u015ftirmeyip yumu\u015fatan eserler yerine, insan\u0131n \u00e7evresi, kendisi ve toplumu ile ilgili fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ran ve kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 derinle\u015ftiren okumalar yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Pop\u00fcler yaz\u0131n ve edebiyatla ve \u201csol\u201dda nas\u0131l tezah\u00fcr etti\u011fi ile ilgili ele\u015ftirel bir okuma i\u00e7inse Taylan Kara\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en kitap serisi olduk\u00e7a ufuk a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Son olarak, yaz\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki Theuth ile Kral Thamus\u2019un hik\u00e2yesinin bilgelikle ilgili son c\u00fcmlelerini, bir de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz postmodern entelekt\u00fcellerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek okuyun derim.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><i>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hieroglyphs-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9656\" alt=\"hieroglyphs-1\" src=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hieroglyphs-1-300x216.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"216\" srcset=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hieroglyphs-1-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hieroglyphs-1.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/burrowbook.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9655\" alt=\"burrowbook\" src=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/burrowbook-300x215.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/burrowbook-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/burrowbook.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1_gutenbergproofing-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9654\" alt=\"1_gutenbergproofing-1\" src=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1_gutenbergproofing-1-300x199.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1_gutenbergproofing-1-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1_gutenbergproofing-1.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/nazen-g\u00f6rsel.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9653\" alt=\"nazen g\u00f6rsel\" src=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/nazen-g\u00f6rsel-300x168.jpeg\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/nazen-g\u00f6rsel-300x168.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/nazen-g\u00f6rsel-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/nazen-g\u00f6rsel-70x40.jpeg 70w, https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/nazen-g\u00f6rsel.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Kaynaklar:<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>S\u00f6zl\u00fc ve Yaz\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr &#8211; Walter J. Ong<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Yaz\u0131n\u0131n Tarihsel Geli\u015fimi &#8211; H\u00fcmeyra G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhan <\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Tarih Neden Yaz\u0131yla Ba\u015flar? &#8211; Nilg\u00fcn \u00c7elebi <\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>S\u00f6zl\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fcrden Yaz\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcre S\u00f6z\u00fcn ve \u0130nsan\u0131n D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc &#8211; \u015eule T\u00fcz\u00fcl<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Edebiyatla Ahmakla\u015ft\u0131rma Felsefeyle \u00c7\u00f6kertme &#8211; Taylan Kara<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kral Thamus bir keresinde say\u0131lar, hesaplama, geometri, astronomi ve yaz\u0131 dahil bir\u00e7ok \u015feyin mucidi tanr\u0131 Theuth\u2019u a\u011f\u0131rlar. Theuth, Kral Thamus\u2019a bulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sergiler ve bu bulu\u015flar\u0131n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":9653,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[40,67,64,44,38,9,42,1,39],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/nazen-g\u00f6rsel.jpeg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4eHWX-2vG","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9652"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9652"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9652\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9657,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9652\/revisions\/9657"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9653"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9652"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9652"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baraka.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9652"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}